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ere  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


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fi 


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ii 
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r"?!  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I      I  Only  edition  available/ 


D 


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a4x 


2tX 


32X 


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d'images  nicessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

m^ 


COLL 


id  ^-  ''"■ 


REVl] 


CONTRIBUTIONS 


TO 


NORTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY. 


BA8KD  PUIMARILY  ON  TUB 


COLLECllONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


,01  .' 


I      V  '.    -I 


ifi- 


I. 


REVIEW  OF  RAFINESQUE'S  MEMOIRS  ON  NORTH  AMERICAN  FISHES 


BT 


DAVID    S.   JORDAN. 


WASHINGTON: 
OOVABNMKNT    PniNTIMO    OFFIOK. 

1877. 


m 


.  ;i'-\f 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Preface r 

List  of  Rafinesquian  genera o 

List  of  species  described  prior  to  the  IchthyologiaOhiensis  .   H 

Ichtliyologia  Ohicnsis ,. jq 

List  of  species  not  noticed  by  RaOnesqne 48 

Index  to  generic  names 51 

4 


K'    ■ 


"?    f^~  '-1:,'      f 


PREFACE. 


The  purpose  of  this  paper  is  to  present  a  series  of  identifications  of  the 
species  of  fresh- water  fishes  described  by  Eafinesque  in  his  "  Ichthyologia 
Ohiensis"  and  elsewhere,  made  as  a  result  of  nearly  three  years  of  "  field- 
work"  in  the  region  fished  in  by  Rafinesque.  In  most  cases,  fresh  speci- 
mens have  been  carefully  compared  with  liaflnesque's  accounts,  and  iu 
the  more  difficult  groups,  as  the  Ci/prinidiV,  Catostomida;,iind  Centra rchidce, 
I  have  taken  a  full  series  of  the  species  known  to  occur  in  this  regiou 
and  compared  Raflnesque's  description  with  each  specimen  in  turn,  until 
one  was  reached  which  showed  no  serious  discrepancy. 

It  is  evident  that  many  of  Raflnesque's  descriptions  were  drawn  up 
from  memory,  and  that  his  measurements  were  made  by  the  eye,  with- 
out the  restraint  of  a  tape-line.  He  indeed  somewhere  states  that  his 
collections  were  made  in  the  summer  and  accounts  written  up  for  pub- 
lication during  the  winter.  As  a  result  of  this,  the  descriptions  are 
often  inexact,  although  usually  striking.  The  numerous  mispriuts  ia 
his  work  are  also,  in  some  cases,  a  source  of  confusion. 

By  making  duo  allowance  for  these  facts,  and  keeping  iu  uiind  the 
proposition,  unjustly  controverted  by  some  writtrs,  that  Rafinesque 
was  not  altogether  a  knave  nor  a  fool,  I  have  succeeded  in  identifying 
more  or  less  satisfactorily,  nearly  all  of  h's  species,  aud  in  restoring  to 
a  number  of  his  names  their  rightful  priority. 

The  species  still  remaining  unidentified  are  of  two  sorts :  First,  species 
really  existing  but  not  distinctively  described,  as  Luxilus  interrxiptus^ 
Butilns  compressusy  etc.,  in  which  no  really  tangible  characters  are 
given ;  and,  second,  those  like  Aplocentnis  calliops  and  Pogostoma  leiicopH^ 
described  at  second  hand  from  "drawings  by  Mr.  Audubon'',  presenting, 
a  grouping  of  characters  applicable  to  no  known  fish. 

If  is  not  my  purpose  hero  to  enter  into  ;iny  discussion  of  the  merits  of 
Raflnesque's  work.  That  the  Ichthyologia  has  been,  and  still  is,  a  stum- 
bling-block, is  generally  admitted.  This  is  partly  owing  to  errors  of 
observation  on  the  part  of  the  author,  partly  to  the  admixture  of  state- 
ments derived  from  memory,  imagination,  or  hearsay  with  statements 
of  fact,  and,  fiually,  iu  uo  slight  degree  to  the  fact  that  Rafinesque'ti 
-  ■     '         ■  5 


r         .         .    .      ■ 


CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 


accounts  were  taken  from  living  flsbes,  and  hence  were  not  to  be  readilv 
interpreted  by  workers  in  tbe  closet  witb  preserved  specimens. 

In  order  to  do  justice  to  Rafinesque's  work,  it  is  necessary,  in  the 
wordij  of  Girard  (Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Pbil.  1850,  1C7),  "  that  one  should 
go  to  the  very  ground  trodden  by  Kaflnesque  himself,  his  book  iu  hand, 
during  all  seasons  of  the  year,  aye,  even  for  years  in  succession,  to  ena- 
ble us  to  discriminate  between  what  Kafiuesque  really  observed  and 
what  is  imaginary  ". 

Eafinesque's  work  has  been  well  summed  up  by  Professor  Agassiz : 

"Nothing  is  more  to  be  regretted  for  che  progress  of  natural  history 
in  this  country  than  that  Raflnesque  did  not  put  up  somewhere  a  collec- 
tion of  all  the  genera  and  species  he  had  established,  with  well-authen- 
ticated labels,  or  that  his  contemporaries  did  not  follow  in  his  steps, 
or  at  least  preserve  the  tradition  of  his  doings,  instead  of  decrying  him 
and  appealing  to  foreign  authority  against  him.  Tracing  his  coarse  as 
a  naturalist  during  his  residence  in  this  country,  it  is  plain  that  he 
alarmed  those  with  whom  he  had  intercourse,  by  his  innovations,  and 
that  they  preferred  to  lean  upon  the  authority  of  the  great  natu- 
ralists of  the  age,  then  residing  in  Europe,  who,  however,  knew  little 
of  the  special  natural  history  of  this  country,  than  to  trust  a  some- 
what hasty  man  who  was  living  among  them,  and  who  had  collected  a 
vast  amount  of  information  from  all  parts  of  the  States,  upon  a  variety 
of  objects  then  entirely  new  to  science.  From  what  I  can  learn  of 
Raflnesque,  I  am  satisfied  that  he  was  a  better  man  than  he  appeared. 
His  misfortune  was  his  prurient  desire  for  novelties  and  his  rashness  in 
publishing  them,  and  yet  both  in  Europe  and  America  he  has  antici- 
l)ated  most  of  his  contemporaries  in  the  discovery  of  new  genera  and 
species  in  those  departments  of  science  which  he  has  cultivated  most 
perseveringly,  and  it  is  but  justice  to  restore  them  to  him,  whenever  it 
can  be  done".    (Am.  Journ.  Sc.  Arts,  1354,  p.  354.) 

In  regard  to  the  descriptions  of  fishes  made  by  Raflnesque  from 
*'  drawings  by  Mr.  Audubon  ",  I  am  informed  by  Dr.  Kirtlaud,  on  the 
excellent  authority  of  Dr.  Rachman,  that  several  of  the  monsters  de- 
scribed by  Raflnesque  (such  as  A2)Iocenfrvs,  Poijosioma,  Eurystomm,  etc.) 
were  drawn  by  Audubon  with  a  view  to  a  practical  joke  on  the  too 
credulous  ichthyologist.  That  being  the  case,  it  is  but  justice  to  Rafin- 
esque's memory  to  let  those  names  drop  from  our  systematic  lists  wiihoni 
rrejudice  to  him. 


Vol. 

No. 

T 

T 

I 

III 

n. 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

III. 

VIII 

IX 

Mt 


BEVIEW   OF   EAFINESQUE   ON   AMERICAN   FISHES. 


Tbe  work  known  as  the  <'  Ichthj'ologia  Ohiensis"  was  originally  pub- 
lished as  a  serial  in  the  "  Western  Review  and  Miscellaneous  Magazine", 
Lexingtonj  Ky.,  from  December,  1819,  to  November,  1820.  This  fact  of 
publication  by  parts  should  be  kept  in  mmd,  as,  in  one  case  at  least 
(tbat  of  Aplesion),  \t  may  aifect  our  nomenclature. 

Tbe  following  are  the  dates  of  publication,  for  which  I  am  indebted 
to  Professor  Gill : 


■  r  ■  ' '    SI 

',••1 


Vol. 

No. 

T 

1. 

I . 

III. 

n. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

III. 

VIII. 

IX. 

Date. 


December,  1819  . . 

January,  1820 

February  (t),  1820 

April,  18-.>0 

May,  1820 

June,  1820 

July,1820 

October,  1820 

November,  18120  .. 


W.R.&M.M 


Page. 
305-313 
361-377 
T-57 
169-177 
T-243 
299-307 
355-363 
165-173 
244-252 


1.0. 


Page. 

1-13 
13-29 

T-37 
37-45 
45-53 
53-60 
61-69 
69-77 
77-84 


Quite  a  number  of  genera  and  species  of  American  fresh-water  fishes 
were  described  by  Ri'^inesque  in  other  publications  previous  to  the  ap- 
Itoarnnce  of  the  Ichthyologia.  I  give  a  list  of  all  these  known  to  me, 
with  identifications.  I  exclude  all  names  merely  catalogued  without 
explanation,  as  having  no  claims  upon  our  attention,  in  some  ca.ses,  a 
species  was  catalogued  under  one  name  and  finally  described  under 
some  other. 

I  have  next  inserted  a  complete  catalogue  of  Raflnesquiau  genera, 
arranged  in  chronological  order,  with  their  equivalents  in  the  nomencla- 
ture which  I  at  present  adopt. 

Tbe  body  of  this  paper  consists  of  a  list  of  the  genera,  subgenera, 
and  species  of  the  Ichthyologia,  arranged  in  the  sequence  adopted  by 
Ualinesque,  with  the  names,  English,  Latin,  and  French,  as  he  gav^ 
them,  the  misprints  corrected  by  him  in  the  "Errr.ta"  being  here  recti- 
fied. The  page  in  the  Ichthyologia  in  which  each  description  occurs  is 
added  for  the  benefit  of  compilers  of  synonymy.  Next  comes  my  iden- 
tifieation,  with  a  partial  synonymy  of  the  species,  the  name  which  I 
adoi)t  being  printed  in  capitals.  In  a  subsequent  paper  on  the  fishes  of 
the  Ohio  Basin,  the  synonymy  will  be  given  ia  full,  for  which  reason  I 
have  preferred  nok  to  insert  it  here. 


€ 


-■-rj 


8         CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 

lo  all  cases  where  the  recognition  of  Raflnesque's  genera  or  species 
will  render  necessary  a  change  in  the  current  nomenclature,  I  have 
added  Raflnesque's  description  as  a  foot-note,  that  the  reader  may  see 
the  grounds  on  which  the  identification  is  based.  In  such  cases,  I  have 
usually  italicized  the  salient  points. 

Or  Finally,  :>  list  of  the  species  now  found  in  the  valliey  of  the  OLio, 
which  do  not  appear  to  have  been  known  to  Rafinesque,  completes  the 
memoir.     ■  cf  ^'  i<:\  -r:  --■- — ■'-^r^xr-  :;  yiiv:^  ^^-rv'tnw  'srfc  ;•>  ■•;  ■'     ■? 

tj:i  This  paper  was  originally  prepared  for  the  press  in  the  spring  of  1876. 
Most  of  the  changes  in  nomenclature  here  discussed  have  been  adopted 
by  the  author  in  different  papers  on  fishes,  and  they  have  generally 
received  the  sanction  of  American  workers  in  ichthyology.  The  manu- 
script of  the  paper  has  been  since  retouched,  some  untenable  positions 
have  been  abandoned,  and  some  further  changes  suggested  by  Profess- 
ors Cope  and  Gill  have  been  introduced. 


,(ait'^i 


-\^sv?vin'S;      ^v:u 


-M>4'-'^J 


,''■  ..V 


•w    ,     ■    ) 


1.— LIST  OP  EAFINESQCriAN  GENERA  AND  SUBGENERA, 
WITH  TOEIR  EQUIVALENTS  IN  THE  ADOPTED  NOMEN- 
CLATURE. 


'  r^ittf  i'£ 


I  give  here  a  catalogue  in  clironological  order  of  the  generic  and  sub- 
^eueric  names  proposed  by  Rafinesque  for  our  fresh-water  fishes,  with 
the  type  of  each  where  any  type  is  either  designated  or  in  any  definite 
way  implied,  with  its  equivalence  in  the  nomenclature  which  the  writer 
at  present  adopts.  The  reasons  for  the  use  or  non-use  of  these  names 
will  appear  farther  on.  Those  names  originally  proposed  for  subgenera 
are  designated  by  a  star  (•).  , 


'   i  .r..r^f  i.    • 


Rafinesquian  geuera. 

Type  species. 

Modern  genera.    ,;;j| 

" 

1818. 

♦    "    ,  . 

ifotropis 

atherinoides. 

Nototropis    [=Minnilu8 
=Alburnellu8). 

Glossodon 

harengoides. 

Hyodon. 

Litholepis 

adamantinus. 

Litholepis  (Afractos^ews). 

Diuoctus 

truncatus. 

Acipenser  L. 

Pogostoma 

leucops. 

A  myth ! 

Pomoxis 

annularis. 

Pomoxys. 

Noturus 

flavuvs. 

Notarus. 

Sarchirns 

vittatus. 

Lepidosteus. 

Exoglossum 

lesurianum. 

Exoglossum. 

Maxillingua* 

lesurianum. 

Exoglossum. 

nypentelium* 

macropterum. 
1819. 

Hypentelium    {Hylomy- 
zon  Ag.). 

Aplodiuotns 

grunniens. 

Haploidonotus. 

Etlieostoraa 

flabellaris. 

Etheostoma       {Catono- 
tus). 

Leucops 

leucops. 

A  myth ! 

Aploccntrns   • 

calliops. 

A  myth!              \      ^ 

Claliiurus 

punctulatus. 

Micropterus. 

Lepomis 

auritus  L. 

Lepiopomns. 

Pomotis* 

auritus  L. 

Lepiopomus. 

0 

^     •■  It.     ' 

r-  ■'  .  If  f-' 


I' 


A*' 


■f 


•t 

\ 

h    '. 
1  *    -. 


•'"  L''l. 


\'!'^- 


I'' 


10      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NOUTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 


Rufinesquian  genera. 
Apomotis  * 
Notemigonus 
Atnphiodon 
Amblodoa 

Cycleptus 
Pylodictis 


Stizostedioa  • 
Lepibema  * 
Pomacampsis  • 
Icthelis 
Teliporais  • 

Aplites  * 
Nemocampsis  • 
Dioplites  * 
Ambloplites  • 
Aplesioa  * 
DiplesioD  * 

Poraolobus 
Dorosoma 

Clodalus  * 

Minnila8 

Alburuus 

Pboxinns 

Dobala 

Hemiplus  (181-). 
Luxilus 


Typo  species.  Motlern  genera.    .,;.i 

cyanellus.  Apomotis. 

auratus.  Notemigonus  {Stilhe). 

"  alveoides  "  (alosoides).Hyodon. 
bubalus  (teeth  of  grun-  Icbthyobus  and  Ilaploi- 


niens). 
nigrescens. 
limosus. 


donotus. 
Cycleptus.  / 

Pelodichthys  {Eoplade- 

his). 


1820. 


Stizostethiuin 
Roccus  Mitchill,  1817. 
Stizostetbiura. 
Lepiopomus. 
Apomotis    {B.-yttus    C. 

&  v.). 

Micropterus  Lac. 
Micropterus  Lac. 
Micropterus  Lac. 
Ambloplites. 
Micropterus  Lac^p. 
Diplesiuiu       {Hyostoma 

Ag.,  1854). 
Pomolobus. 
Dory  soma     {Chatomns 

Cuv.  &  Val.,  1829). 
Elyodon  Le  S. 

Nototropis. 

alburnus     L.     (Euro-    Alburuus      (Heckel 

pean).  emend.,  1843). 

pboxinus    L.    (Euro-     Pboxinus     (Agassiz 

pean).  emend.,  184-). 

dobula  L.  (European).  1  Squalius     Bonaparte, 

(European  ?).  .  "'"' 

cbrysocepbalus.  Luxilus      {Hypsilcpis 

Baird,  1854). 


salmouea. 
cbrysops. 
nigropunctata. 
auritus  L. 


pallida. 

fiexuolaris. 

salmouea. 

ictbeloides. 

calliura. 

blennioides. 

chrysocbloris. 
notata. 

clodalus  (Le  S.) 


REVIEW   OF 

KAPINESQUE   ON   AMERICAN   PISHES.                11 

Uafmesqiiiau  genera. 

Type  species. 

Modem  genera.    •  » 

Chrosomus 

erytlirogaster.        -. 

Chrosomus.              cnjA 

Semotilas 

dorsal  is. 

Semotilus. 

Riitilus              ..      ^ 

rutilus  L.  (European). 

Leuciscus  Klein,  17 — . 

Plargyrus 

rutilas  L. 

Leuciscus. 

rimephales            • 

proroelas.  *           t '^ 

Pimephales. 

Moxostomft*           i-v 

anisurus. 

Myxostoma  {Pttjchoato- 

si^  -nI-.  ■  .- .-  -.   :■(■■■■ 

mU8).                              '17 'i 

Ictiobus* 

bubal  us. 

Ichthyobus. 

Carinodes  ♦ 

Carpiodes. 

Teretulua  • 
Eurystoraus  • 

/''■  . 

Myxostoma. 

?  A  myth.          .;^.,^i.j. 

megastomus. 

Decactylus*          .  .„  . 

Catostomus,  etc. 

i  1  'K  i 

Cycleptus              .    • 

nigrescens. 

Cycleptus.          ,,         <^^t 

Ictalurus*           „  .  ^.y, 

Elliops  *              ,   vv.-rr 

Ichthselurus.                  , 
Ichtbaelurus.               .  ,,, 

maculatus. 

Araeiurus* 

Amiurus. 
Pelodichthys.          ^     ,^ 

limosus. 

Lpptops* 

viscosus. 

Pelodichthys.            ^.^. 

Opladelus  * 

uebulosus. 

Pelodichthys.        ,,  ,,,,jt 

Picorellus  * 

vittatus. 

Esox.                            . 

Cylindiosteus  *    ,,.  ^ 

platostomus. 

Lepidosteus.             ,    . 

Atractosteus  * 

ferox. 

Litholepis,  1818.         '  , 

Sturio*                .^,,; 

^■i.  ■ 

Acipenser  L. 

,-•,    ;.       '  -  •  ■    ■ 

Sterletus*     .,y;tv,;.i 

serotinus. 

Acipciiser  L.         ,        ,. 

Dinectus 

trnncatus. 

Acipenser  L. 

Pegedictis       ,,    ,.^,.^ 

ictalops. 

Etheostoma  {Catonotus). 

Procero8 

maculatus. 

A  myth. 

II.— LIST  OF  SPECIES  DESCRIBED  PRIOR  TO  THE  ICHTHY- 

OLOGIA  OHIENSIS. 

I  give  here  a  list  of  the  papers  known  to  me  in  which  descriptions  by 
Ilaftnesque,  prior  to  those  in  the  Ichthyologia,  occur,  with  the  names  of 
tbe  species  so  described,  the  page  on  which  the  descriptions  occur,  and 
my  identification  of  the  species. 


:«'*l 


ff  ■•!■■ 


^        *: 


1^^l 


12      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO  NOKTH  A.MEEICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 

•I.  "Precis  des  D^cou vertex  Somiologiques",  1814:        «K»7*i!\'f'- 

,^,        Sparus  mocasinus ]9=Eupomotis  aureu8(Walb.)  G.  &J, 

Ceutropomus  albas 19=Morone  amcricana  (Gmel.)  Gill. 

Coiitropomus  luteus 19=Perca  americana  Schranck. 

II.  Diissertation  on  Water    Snakes,   Sea  Snakes  and  Sea  Serpents. 
<  American  Monthly  Magazine  and  Critical  lieview,  September,  1817 : 


Aiignilla  gigas 


—  43-1= A  myth. 


III.  First  Decade  of  new  North  American  Fishes.     <;  American  Moutlily 
Magazine  and  Critical  Revie\7,  December,  1817 : 

Angnilla  chrisypa 120:=Anguilla  vulgaris  Fleming. 

Salmo  pallidus. 120=Salmo  namaycusb  Bloch. 

Bo(Manus  runestris. . . .  120= Ambloplites  rupestris  (Baf.)  Gill. 

Bodianus  achigan 120=Micropteru8  salmoides  (Lac.)  Gill. 

Cypriuus  bullaris 120=Leuco8omus    buUaris    (Raf.)  Jor. 

{Semotibis  argenteus  Auct.) 

Cyprinus  Lemiplas 121=Notemigonu8  aranricanus  (L.)  Jor. 

Cypriuus  vittatus 121=Rhini''bthys   atronasus  (Mit.)  Ag 

Cyprinus  megalops 121=Luxiliis  cornutus  (Mir.)  Jor. 

Cyprihus  melanurus...  121  =  Luxnu8  cornutus  (Mit.)  Jor. 

IV.  Description  of  two  new  Genera  of  North  American  Fishes,  Opaa 
nu8  and  Notropis.    <;Arjerican  Monthly  Magazine,  January,  1818: 

Notropis  atheriuoides..  204=.*iototropi8  sp.  (Minnilus  llaf.— .It- 

burnelhis  Grd.). 

V.  Second  Decade  of  new  North  American  Fishes.    <  American  Moiitlily 
Magazine,  January,  1818:  •    •        •      - 

Perca  mucrouata 204=Morono    americana    (Gmel.)  Gill. 

Percu  uotata 205= Perca  americana  Schranck  (=/'(7Tfl 

•  Jlavescens  Auct.) 

.  Petromyzou  leucopterus  205=Animoc<i'!te8  nigricans  (Le  S.)GilI. 
Hparus  erythrops 205    (Erroneous  and  unidentKIablc  ) 


ri 


*I  liavo  beiui  unable  to  obtnin  tliiH  paper.     rrofi'tMor  Qill  inftirma  n;o  that  two  or 
throu  other  American  flpeciea  aru  described  in  '*,  auion(r  them  Prrm  americana  Scbraiicii 


HEVIEW   OF   BAFINESQUE    OM   AMERICAN    FISHES,  ^^i^-- 

VI.  Discoveries  in  Natural  History,  made  during  a  Journey  through  the 
Western  Kegion  of  the  United  States  by  (Jonstautine  Samuel  Riifines- 
que,  esq.  Addressed  to  Samuel  L.  Mitchill,  President,  and  other 
members  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  in  a  letter  dated  at  Louis 
ville,  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  20th  July,  1818.  <  American  Monthly  Maga- 
zine and  Critical  Review,  September,  1818.  •(Twenty-six  species  re- 
corded, the  following  described  at  some  length :) 

Glossodonharengoides.  354=nyodon  te^-gisns  Le  Sueur. 

Glossodon  heterurus. . .  354  =  Uyodon  tergisua  Le  Sueur. 

Perca  salmonea. 3r)4=Stizostethium  salmoneum  Baf. 

Sciaena  caprodes 354=Percina  caprodca  (Raf.)  Grd.        ' 

Silurus  punctatus 354=Ichthaeluru8  punctatus  (Raf.)  Jor. 

Silurus  olivaris 351=Peludichthys  olivaris    (Raf.)  Gill 

&  Jor. 

Catostomus  bubalus. ..  3ii4=Ichthyobu8  bubalus  Raf. 

Catostomus  erythrurus.  3^4— Myxostoma  duquesnii  (Le  S.)  Jor. 

Clupea  heterurus 354=Dory8omacepedianaheterura(Riti.) 

Jor. 

"rho  following  iH  the  catalof;ue  as  given  in  tbis  )>aper: 

Porca  salmouea Sahuon. 

Perca  cbrysops Kockfltth. 

Hciaena  griinuions Wliito  Perch. 

Hcimna  caprodeH Hog  Fish. 

Bodianus  calliurus Bass. 

SpariiB  cyauelus 8iin  FihIi. 

Hpariiit  nigropnnctatus Bachelor  Perch.  i 

Silur'.iH  punctatus Mud  Cat  Finh. 

Silurus  olivaris Yellow  Cat  Fish. 

Silurus  aniblodou Black  Cat  Fish. 

Catostomus  bubalus Bufi'ivloe  Fish. 

Catostomus  erythrurus I?ed  Horse. 

Catostomus  macroptcrus Carp. 

Catostomus  duquesnui Sucker. 

Clupea  uetemriis „ Cizzard. 

Clupea  alosoides Shad. 

(ilosnmlon  bareugoides Spring  Herring. 

Ulossodon  heterurus Summer  Herring. 

Ilydrargyra  dinema Minny. 

Hydrargyra  notata Chub. 

Hjdrargyra  amUops White  Chnb. 

Lflpisoateus  iiuviatlliH Gar  Fish.         "  '*-_ 

Polywlou  folium Shovel  Fihh.        .;„- 

Poly(Mlo:i  pristis Spade  Fish. 

Acipensor  platorynchut Sturgeon.         »  .^  .  .  .^^^.,, 

Silurus  pallidus White  Cat.  ^  j* 

Not  seen  yet:  Pike,  Eels,  Lamprey,  Black  Perch,  Yellow  Perch,  Rod  Porch.     .«<.,,(,« 


:P\ 


l4      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 

VIL  Further  discoveries  in  ISatural  History,  made  during  a  journey 
through  the  Western  Region  of  the  United  States,  by  Constantine 
Samuel  Bafinesque,  esq.  <  American  Monthly  Magazine  and  Critical 
Keview,  October,  p.  445.  (Describes  new  genera  Litholepisy  Dinoctm 
and  Pogostoma,  and  n^entions  without  description  the  typical  species 
of  each.) 

Twenty-two  species  are  catalogued  and  three  species  are  described,  as 
follows:* 

Anguilla  laticauda 445=  Anguilla  vulgaris  Fleming. 

Esox  vittatus 445= Unidentified. 

Bodianus  calliops 445= A  myth. 


VIII.  Further  account  of  Discoveries  in  Natural  History  in  the  Western 
States,  by  Constantine  Samuel  liafinesque,  esq.  Communicated  iu  a 
letter  from  that  gentleman  to  the  editor,  Lexington,  October  5,  18LS. 
<  American  Monthly  Magazine  and  Critical  Review,  November,  181S. 
(Three  new  genera  described  and  the  typical  species  of  each :) 

Pomoxis  annularis 41=Pomoxys  annularis. 

Noturus  fiavus 41=Noturu8  flavns  Raf. 

Sarchirus  v  ittatus .....     41  =  Lepidosteus  tsseus  (L.)  Ag. 

*  The  following  are  the  speciea  added  to  the  catalogue  in  this  puper : 

LepiHOHteuH  platoHtoninn Alligator  Fiah. 

LopisoHteus  Htecorby uchus Oar  Fiuh. 

.,  ,^  Anguilla  latiouuda  Ohio  Eel. 

Cyprinus  fasciolaris Mullet. 

CypriuuB  trachiaphuH Drown  Mnllut. 

KxoglosRuni  argentuni White  Chnb. 

Olmeriis  alhula White  Fish. 

HmlianuH  calliops Bride  Perch. 

>    .)■        PogoNtoDia  leuoops White  Eye. 

Esox  vittutus Jack  Pike. 

Esox  fasciolaris Hahnon  Pike. 

!''  Catostonius  aniisopteruB Perch  Boifalo. 

Catostonuis  aiublodou Black  Buffalo. 

Catostomns  velifer Sailor  Fish. 

L  -  Glossodon  chrysops Oold  Eye  Herring. 

Clupf>a  clirysochloriB Golden  Rh ad. 

HiluruB  pallidus Whits  Cat  Fish. 

SIluruR  cerulrsoena Blue  Cat  Fish. 

<li<    ;;  ■     (Jlanis  llniosuR Mud  Cat  Fish. 

Aocipenser  b«ptipas..... lirown  Sturgeon. 

Dinoctus  trnncatnt Bluiit-nose  Stnrgi>nn. 

'•a'-     Lttholi'pis  adaniantiuna Diamond  Fish  or  l)«vil.litck 

~  ,  '■    I 


BEVIEW   OP   EAFINE8QUE   ON   AMERICAN   PISHES. 


15 


mi.-' 


IX.  Description  of  three  new  Genera  of  Fluviatile  Fish,  Pomoxis,  Sar- 
chirus,  and  Exoglossuni.  <  Journal  of  Philadelphia  Academy  of  JJ  at- 
ural  Sciences,  November,  1818.  v-  <.■: 

Pomoxi.j  annularis. 417 =Pomoxy8  annularis  Ilaf. 

Sarchirus  vittatus 4I9=Lepidosteuso8seu8(Lac.)Ag.  (jnv.) 

Exoglossnm    macropte-  vr  v^      r        -  "    v 

8S,-  )       rum 420=Hypentelium  nigricans  (Le  8.)  Jor. 

Exoglossum  annulatum  42lr-Exoglossum     maxillingua  (Le  B/ 

Haid. 
Exoglossum  nigrescens.  422= Exoglossum  maxillingua. 
Exoglossum  lesurianum.  420— Exoglossum  maxillingua. 

X.  Description  of  a  new  Genus  of  Fresh- Water  Fish,  Exoglossum. 
<Silliman'8  American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  1819.  ; . 

Exoglossum  vittatum  ..  15G=Exoglo88ura  ranxillingun. 


.Hi-: 


Exoglossum  annulatum .  15C=Exoglos8um  maxillingua. 


i      ','  .■  "  ■* 


a.: 


a 


XI.  Prodrome  de  70  nouveaux  Genres  d'Animaux  ddcouverts  dans 
rint^rieur  des  iStats-Unis  d'Am^rique  duraat  l'ann6e  1818.  <;oournal 
do  Physique,  de  (3hyuiie  et  d'Histoire  Naturelle,  June,  1819. 

Aplodinotus  gruuniens.   119=HapIoidonotu8  grunniens  Raf. 
Etheostoma  tiabellaris . .  419=:Etheostoma  flabellarisRaf.  (C'afo- 

i  .  nottis  Ag.).  , 

Etheostoma  caprodes. . .  419=Percina  caprodes  (Raf.)  G»'d. 
Etheostoma  blenuioides.  419=Diple8ium  blennioides  (Raf.)  Jor. 

Pogostoma  leucops 4I9=Amyth! 

Aplocentrus  calliops...  420=A  uiyth! 

420=Micropteru8  snlmoide*  (Lac.)  Gill. 
420=Apomoti8  cyanellus  (Raf.)  Cope  & 

Jor.  [liryttua  inincopan  Cope). 
420=^Lepioporaus     niacrochirus     Itiif. 

(nepAc/w*  Cope).  • 

421— Notemigonus   nmericanus    (Lac.) 

Jor. 
421=nyodon  tergisus  Le  8. 
421  =  Ichthyobu8bi'bulus(Raf.)  Ag.  (in 

pa.t). 
42IsI3ubaUchthys  uiger  (Raf.)  Ag. 


Oalliurus  punctulatus.. 
Lepomis    cyanellus 

Lepomis  mncrochirus  . . 

Notemigonus  anratus.. 

Amphiodon   alveoides.. 
Amblodon  bubalus 


Arablodon  niger . . . . 


i.  r/JJ 

m 

.Ml 

m 


16      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 

iflii      Cycleptus   nigrescens. ..  421=Cycleptu8elougatu8(LeS.)  Ag. 

\fij^      Noturus  ]uteus 42I=:Noturus  flavusEaf. 

'»t  .  i  Pilodictis  limosus 422=Pelo(licbthy8olivaris(Raf.)Gin& 

««^*  Jor. 

Litholepis  adamantinas.  422=Litholepi8  8patula  (Lac.)  Jor. 

XII.  I)e8cription  of  the  Silures  or  Cat-Fishes  of  the  River  Ohio,  by  C.  S. 
Raflnesque,  Professor  of  Botany  in  the  Transylvania  Uiiiverisity  of 
Lexington,  Kentucky.  <Quarterly  Journal  of  Science,  Literature  and 
Arts,  Royal  Institution,  London,  1820,  ix. 

Silurus  maculatus 48=IchthsBluru8  punctatus  (Raf.)  Jor. 

var.  erythroptera 49=Ichth8Bluru8  punctatus  (Raf.)  Jor. 

Silurus  pallidas 49= Ichthajlurus  punctatus. 

var.  marginatus 49= Ichthtelurus  punctatus. 

var.  lateralis 49=IchthsBluruspunctatua. 

var.  leucoptera.  .......     49=Ichth8Bluru8  punctatus. 

Silurus  cerulescens 49=Ichth{eluru8  punctatus. 

var.  melanurus 49= Ichthselurus  punctatus. 

.t-       Silurus  argentinus 50= Ichthaolurus  punctatus. 

•  I        Silurus    nebulosuH 50=Pelodichthy8    olivaris    (Raf.)  G. 

K  &J. 

Silurus  viscosus 50=Pelodichthy8  olivaris. 

Silurus  lividus 5l=Amiuru8  lividus  (Raf.)  Jor. 

var.  fuscatus 51 =Amiuru8  lividus. 

Silurus  melas 5I=sA'iiiuru8  melas(Raf.)  Jor.  &  Cope- 
laud. 

Silurus  cupreus 61=Amiuru8  lividus  cupreus  ('Jaf.) 

.y-,.   ■•      ',/.         .  ■'■■■..■^. .  ,;  -  /    V  .     Jor. 

Silurus xanthocephalus..     51=Aininrus  xanthocephalus    (Raf) 

.    ;.        .  ,    •     V  Gill. 

Silurus  limosus . .     51=Pelodichthys  olivaris. 

III.— ICHTHYOLOGIA  OUIENSIS. 

lobthyologia  Obiensis  |  or  |  Natural  History  |  of  |  tbo  Fisbes  Inbabiting  tbo  |  River 
Oblo  I  <hmI  its  Tributary  Streams  |  Preceded  by  a  pbysical  description  of  the  Oliio  and 
its  branches  ]  by  C.  8.  Kaflnesquo,  |  —  |  Professor  of  Botany  and  Natural  History  in 
Transylvania  University,  Author  of  the  Analysis  of  Nature,  &c.,  &c.,  nieniber  of  tbo 
Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  New  York,  tbo  Historical  Society  of  New  Yorli, 
the  Lyceum  of  Natural  Ilistoryof  New  York,  the  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Philiub>liiliiu» 
the  American  Antiquarian  Society,  the  Uoyal  Institute  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Naplce., 
the  Italian  Society  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  the  Medical  Societies  of  Lexington  and  Cin> 


REVIEW   OP   BAFINESQUE   ON   AMERICAN   FISHES. 


tt 


cinnati,  &c.,  &c.  |  —  |  The  art  of  seeing  well,  or  of  noticing  and  distinguisbiug  with 
accuracy  tlio  objects  which  we  perceive  is  a  high  faculty  of  the  mind,  unfolded  in  few 
individuals,  and  despised  by  those  who  can  neither  acquire  it,  nor  appreciate  its  re- 
sults I  —  I  Lexington,  Kentucljy  j  printed  for  the  Author  by  W.  G.  Hunt  (price  ono 
dollar).  I  —  I  1820  |  (I  vol.,  8vo,  90  pp.) 


Oa  the  reverse  of  the  title-page 


'A 


These  Pages  |  and  tho  Discoveries  which  they  contain  |  in  one  of  the  principal 
Brandies  |  of  Natural  History,  |  are  respectfully  Inscribed  |  by  the  Author  |  To  his  fel- 
low-labourers in  the  same  field  of  Science  |  Prof.  Samuel  L.  Mitchill,  M.  D.  |  who  has  de- 
wribed  the  Atlantic  Fishes  of  New  York,  |  and  to  |  C.  A.  Le  Sueur,  |  who  was  the  first 
to  explore  the  Ichthyology  of  the  Groat  American  Lakes,  &o.  (  lu  Token  |  of  Friend- 
ship, Respect,  and  Congratulation. 

I.  Genus,  PERCH,  PBRCA,  Perche.    (p.  20.) 

let  species,  Salmon-Percb,  PERCA  SALMONEA,  Perche  Saumone.    (p.  21.) 

Stizostethium  SALMONEUM  Raf.,  Cope,  etc. 

A  fair  descriptioQ,  as  Professor  Copo  bas  shown.  This  fish  is  probably 
(listitict  from  8.  vitreum,  although  the  two  species  are  closely  related. 
On  page  23,  Rsjfinesque  suggests  that  P  salmonen  forms  a  peculiar  sub- 
genus or  genus  which  may  be  called  Stizostedion.  This  name  antedates 
Lucinperca  of  Cuvier,  and  has  been  generally  adopted  by  recent  Ameri- 
can authors. 

2d  species,   Golden-Eyes  Perch,  PERCA  CHRTSOPS,   Perche-csuil-d'or. 

(l).i>2.) 

Roccus  cnBYSOPs  (Raf.)  Gill. 

Description  not  quite  accurate  but  recognizable.  On  page  23  the 
subgeueric  name  of  Lepibema  is  proposed  for  It,  but  Roccm  of  Mitchill 
is  oldi'r.  Lepibema  may  bo  retained  as  the  uanie  of  a  subgenus  of  Roc- 
cus, the  body  being  shorter  and  deeper  and  the  dentition  somewhat  dif 
fereut.  » 

3d  species,  Bl&ck-dotted  Fcroli,  PERCA  NZGROPUNCTATA  Perche  a 

pointa-noirs.    (p.  2;J.)  ^       :  >-  :^  ;.i ..    v-  - 

An  unrecognizable  description,  based,  as  nearly  all  of  Rafinescpje's 
worst  descriptions  are,  "on  u  drawing"  of  Mr.  Audubon.    The  original 
may  have  been  Percina  caproden,  StizoHtethium  canadense,  or  nothing. 
liii(iiies(iue  proposes  for  it  the  generic  name  of  Pomai'ampsin. 
Bull.  0—2 


('•  •  • 

4 


IM 


i 


W.I 


h\^ 

♦■•-  i  ' 

;.n 

i-  ' 

'►V 

s^',*- 

( 

'.  f." 

-  r 


H,"l'i 


f. 


18      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 

»^,,T.  ...      II.  Genua,  BUBBLER,  AMBLODON,  Amblodon.    (p.  24.) 

=  Aplodinotus  BinQnesqwQ J  ISIO. 

= n a ploidono^us  GiU,  18GI.  .. 

4th  species,  Onmting  Bubbler,  AMBLODON  QRUNinENS,  Amblodon 
gtognant.    (p.  24.) 

Haploidonotus  grunniens  Eaf. 
Corvina  oscula  Cuv.  &  Val.,  1830. 
Corvina  grisea  Dekay,  1842. 
Amblodon  grunniens  Agassi z,  1854. 
A  very  good  description. 

m.  Genua,  PAINTED  TAIL,  Calllure.    (p.  26.) 

Micropterus  Lac6pMe,  not  Callinrus  Agassiz,  Girard,  etc.  =  Chcenobryttus 
Gill. 

5th  species,  Dotted  Painted  Tail,  CALLIURXTS  PUNCTULATUS,  Calliure 
pointille. 

Micropterus  salmoides  (Lac6p.)  Gill. 

The  peculiar  coloration  of  the  caudal  fin  which  suggested  the  name 
Calliurtis,  "base  yellow,  middle  blackish,  tip  white",  belongs  among 
Ohio  fishes  only  to  the  young  of  the  Bliick  Bass.  Calliurus,  therefore, 
as  shown  by  Professor  Gill,  is  a  synonym  of  Micropterus^  and  cannot  be 
applied  to  a  distinct  genus. 

IV.  Genus,  SUNFISH,  ICTHELIS,  Isthele.    (p.  27.) 
=Lepomis  Raf.,  1819. 

1st  subgenus,  TELIPOMIS.    (p.  27.) 
=  Apomotis  Raf.,  1819=Bryttu8  C.  &  V.,  1831. 

*  6th  species,  Gilded  Sunfish,  ICTHELIS  MACROCHIRA,  Icthele  macro- 
chire.    (p.  27.) 

Lepiopomus  macrochirus  Raf. 

Lepomis  nephelus  Cope. 
This  description  applies  perfectly  to  Lepomis  nephelus  Cope,  a  rather 

•  Body  oval,  oblonj;,  gilt,  crowded  with  amaH  brown  dotts;  head  imall,  scaly,  operr^ie 
flt^xuuHu,  Hpot  narrow,  marginal,  niid  black ;  jaws  equal ;  tail  forked;  pectoral  fins  long 
and  narrow,  reaching  the  anal  Jin,  wliioh  has  lli  rays,  wbureof  3  are  spiny. 

A  pretty  spocios  from  threw  to  four  inches  long.  In  the  Ohio,  Groeu  River,  WnlwHli, 
&c.  Names,  Sim-iish,  Gotd-tish,  &c.  Head  rather  acute,  not  scaly  before  the  pyt's. 
Iris  gilt  brown.  Dorsal  flu  with  22  long  rays,  whereof  11  are  spiny ;  a  deprcHHion  be- 
tween the  two  sorts  of  rays.  Analiin  broad  ttud  rounded.  Tail  20  rays.  Thoracic  1 
and  5.  Pectoral  15,  Diameter  of  the  body  nearly  oue-fgurtb  of  total  length  (wiih 
caudal).     •  •■  v   ^:  <-    -^.^a-:/:   ■' ;- -.^ '■■■"  ^.v  •      "'-f' 


'1        REVIEW   OF   KAFINESQUE   ON  AMERICAN   FISHES. ''"'^J 

common  species  in  Southern  Ohio  and  Indiana.  Pomotia  macrochira 
Kirtland  is  based,  in  part  at  least,  on  Lepomis  pallidm  (Mitch.).  Ichthelis 
macrochira  Jordan  (Man.  Vert.)  is  a  Xcnotis,  to  which  I  have  since 
given  the  name  of  X.  awreoifMS.  <:,,!»;. 

•  7th  apecies,  Blue  Sunflah,  ICTHELIS  CYANELLA,  Icthele  bleuatre. 
APOMOTIS  CYANELLUS  Eaf.  .r>   . 

Bryttus  punctatus  Cuv.  &  V0I.  t 

CalUurus  lottgulus  Girard.  '' 

CalUiirm  formosus  Girard. 

CalUurus  longulus  Bliss  {in  lit. — specimens  identified). 

Chwnobryttus  mineopas  Cope.  h; 

Icthelis melanops  Raf.    {Choenobryttus  melanopa  Cope,  not  of  Gill.) 

Kaflnesque'a  description,  although  erroneous  in  one  or  two  particu- 
lars, refers  to  a  species  of  Apomotis,  and  the  name  cyanelUi  has  priority 
over  all  others.  As  in  nearly  every  case  the  "diameter"  is  made  too 
small ;  evidently  Rafinesque  trusted  his  eyes  in  such  cases  instead  of  a 
tape-line. 

tSth  apeciea,  Black-Eye  Suofish,  ICTHELIS  MELANOPS,  lothele  aeuil- 

Apomotis  cyanellus  Raf. 
Description  somewhat  erroneous,  but  chafacteristic. 


*  Body  elliptical,  elongate,  diameter  oiio-flfth,  olivaceous  gilt,  crowded  with  irregular 
blue  dotts  ;  brownish  above ;  head  elongate,  lower  jaw  longer,  clweks  with  blue  JUxuose  lines  ; 
upot  oblong,  blackish,  nearly  marginal;  tail  rounded,  notched ;  anal  flu  very  broad  with 
1'^  ray8,  whereof  throe  are  short  spiny ;  pectoral  fins  very  short. 

A  small  species  hardly  three  inches,  called  Blne-flsh  or  Sun-flsh.  I  found  it  on  the 
Ohio  at  the  falls.  Appearing  entirely  blue  at  a  distance.  Head  brown  above;  iris  gilt ; 
opercle  curved;  tail  olive-blue  with  24  rays.  Dorsal  fin  browuish  with  20  rays, 
wju-reof  10  are  spiny,  hardly  any  middle  depression.  Pectorals  small  trapezoidal,  13 
rays.    Thoracic  one  and  five. 

t  Body  oblong,  diameter  one-fourth,  olivaceous,  covered  with  blue  dotts,  neck  brown  above, 
head  large,  mouth  rather  large,  upper  jaw  longer;  opercule  with  blue  curved  and  longitudi- 
•Mtli  lies  beneath;  spot  rounded,  black  at  its  base;  fins  olivaceous,  tail  bilobed;  anal 
tin  with  three  and  nine  rays ;  pectoral  fins  large  oboval. 

Length  from  2  to  6  inches  ;  common  in  the  tributary  streams  of  the  Ohio,  the  Ken- 
tucky, Licking,  Miami,  &c.,  and  even  in  small  creeks.  Vulgar  names,  Blue-fiah,  Dlack- 
*'yeR,  Sun-fish,  Blue-bass,  &.0,  It  has  black  eyes  (pupils)  like  all  the  other  species,  bnt 
the  iris  is  black  also,  with  a  silvery  hue  or  ring.  Dorsal  f-n  with  10  and  10  rays,  the 
tpitt.v  ones  very  short.  Caudal  20.  Pectoral  10.  Thoracic  1  and  5  as  uaual,  but  th« 
"Pitiy  ray  is  very  short,  as  are  also  those  of  the  anal  fin.  iViiiiiai© 


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20      CONTRIBUTIOl^rS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 

2d  subgenus,  POMOTIS.  (p.  28.) 

9th  species,  Red-Eye  Sunfish,  ICTECELXS  ERYTHROFS,  Icthele  ceuil- 
rouge.    (p.  29.) 

Amploplites  bupestris  (Raf.)  Gill. 
Bodianus  rupestris  Rafiuesque,  1818. 

Description  fair.  The  uame  Pomotis,  first  proposed  ia  1819,  is  a  mere 
synonym  of  Lepomis. 

*  lOth  species,  Eared  Sunfish,  ICTHELIS  AURITA,  Icthele  oreilleuse. 

'»*"  Xenotis  lytheochloris  Jordan,    nom.  sp.  nov. 

Not  Pomotis  auritus  ("L.")  GUnther. 
=  Lepomis  auritus  Cope.    (Not  of  Raf.  1818.) 

llth  species,  Big-Ear  Sunfish,  ICTHELIS  MEQALOTIS,  t  Icthele  megalote. 
(p.  29.) 

Xenotis  megalotis  (Raf.)  Jordan. 

Pomotis  nitidus  Kirtland. 
Not  Ichthelis  incisor  (C.  &  V.)  Holbr. 
Not  Lepomis  megalotis  Cope. 
Ichthelis  megalotis  Raf.,  Bliss  {in  lit). 

Description  pretty  good.  This  cannot  be  the  Lepiopomus  pallidus  {in 
cisor),  as  has  been  supposed  by  Professor  Cope. 

V.  Genus,  RIVER-BASS,  LEPOMIS,  Lepome.    (p.  :^0.) 

=  Micropterus  Lac^p^de. 
Not  Lepomis  Raf.,  1810. 

•  Body  oyaJ  «??ip<jc  (diarueter  ono-third),  oli.-aceous  with  blue  and  rufous  dots;  licad 
small,  jaw8  equal,  operciile  floxuose,  appendage  black,  braid  and  truncate,  some  bhwjkx- 
uone  lines  on  the  side  of  the  head;  tail  brownish  hinulato ;  back  brownish ;  anal  flu  'i  and 
9 ;  pectorals  not  reaching  the  vent.    Thoracics  miicronato. 

Length  from  3  to  12  inches;  common  in  the  rivers,  creeks,  and  ponds  of  Kentucky. 
Vulgar  name,  Sunfish.  Iris  brown.  Dorsal  fin  brownish,  10  and  10,  spiny  rays  shorter, 
thoracic  fins  very  long;  spiny  rays  rather  shorter,  first  soft  ray  mucrouate ;  pectorals 
nearly  rhomboidal  with  14  rays,  tail  16  rays. 

t  Body  oval,  ron.iOed  (diameter  two-fifths),  chestnut  color  %cith  blue  dots,  belly  red;  head 
large,  lower  jaw  longer,  opercule  with  blue  flexuose  lines,  appendage  black,  very  large 
.  elliptic,  end  rounded ;  tail  black,  slightly  forked,  pectoral  large,  reaching  the  vent ;  anal 
lilt  3  and  9 ;  thoracics  long  and  mucrouate ;  black  tail. 

A  fine  opecies,  called  Red-belly,  Black-ears,  Bluck-tail  Sun-fish,  &c.  It  lives  iu  the 
Kentucky,  Licking,  and  Sandy  Rivers,  «&c.  Length  from  4  to  8  inches.  Ilead  rcnj 
sloping,  iris  silvery  brown,  belly  of  a  bright  copper  red  color.  All  the  fins  black  exociil  tln' 
pectorals,  which  are  olivaceous,  trapezoidal,  acute  and  large.  The  dorsal  has  20  rays, 
whereof  9  short  ones  are  spiny.  Body  very  short,  hardly  as  long  as  broad,  if  the  head  and 
tail  are  deducted.    Thoracics  like  those  of  the  foregoing  species. 


REVIEW   OF   EAPINESQUE   ON   AMEBICAN  FISHES. 


21 


^'        1st  subgenus,  APLITES.    (p.  30.)      «     a  r    .    ^ 
12th  species,  Pale  River-Bass,  LEPOMIS  PALLIDA,  Lepome  palo.    (p.  30.) 
MiCROPTERUS  PALLiDUS  (Kaf.)  Gill  &  Jordan.    , 

(Young;  " length  C  to  12  inches".) 

=  Micropterus  nigricans  {(3.  &Y.)  GiW.  . 

=  M.  floridamis  (Le  8.)  Goode. 

13th  species,   Streaked-Cheeks,  River-Bass,  LEPOMIS   TRIFASCIATA, 
Lepome  trifaaciee.    (p.  31.) 

MiCROPTERUS  SALMOIDES  (Lac.)  Gill.    ("Over  a  foot  in  length".)   ' 

14th   species,   Brown  Rivor-Bass,  LEPOMIS   FLEXUOLARIS,    Lepome 

flexueuz.    (p.31.)  .  ..,.         ,    ...-     .>..:,' 

MiCROPTERUS  SALMOiDES.    (Adult ;  "  reaching  the  length  of  2  feet".) 
This  is  made  to  form  another  subgenus,  Nemocampsis. 

2d  Subgenus,  DIOFLITBS.    (p.  32.)  ^.    .,<, 

15th  species.  Trout  River-Bass,  LEPOMIS  SALMONEA,  Lepome  saumone. 

(p. 32.)  ^  :  ,  :> 

MiCROPTERUS  SALMOIDES.    ("Length  6  to  24  inches".)  .   - 

16th  species,  Spotted   River-Bass,  LEPOMIS  NOTATA,  Lepome    tache. 

(p.  32.) 

MiCROPTERUS  SALMOIDES.     ("3  to  8  inches  long  ".) 

17th   species,  Sunfish    River-Bass,  LEPOMIS    lOTEZLOIDJSS.   Lepome 
ictheloide.    (p.  32.) 

Ambloplitcs  ichtheloides  Ag,  , 

Ambloplites  rupestris  (Raf.)  Gill. 

This  is  made  to  "almost form  a  peculiar  subgenus",  termed  Ambloplites. 

VI.  Oenus,  POMOXIS,  POMOXIS,  Pomoze.    (p.  33.) 

=  Pomoxis  Agassiz. 

18th    species,   Gold-Ring    Pomoxis,  POMOXIS    ANNULARIS,  Pomoze 
aniiulaire.    (p.  33.) 

POMOXYS  ANNULARIS  Raf. 

Cichla  storeria  Kirtland. 

Pomoxys  storerius,  intermedins^  protacanthus,  and  hrevicauda  Gill.  '*' ' 
Description  not  entirely  accurate,  but  certainly  sufficient  for  identifi- 
cation. This  fish  is  now,  as  in  Rafinesque's  ti.ne,  abundant  at  the  Falls 
of  the  Ohio,  where  it  is  now  called  "  Bachelor".  Throughout  Kentucky 
it  is  known  as  the  "New  Light",  and  sometimes  as  "Campbellite". 
The  characters  assumed  to  distinguish  intcrmediv.Sj  protacanthus,  etc.,  are 
entirely  within  the  bounds  of  individual  variation. 


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22      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 

VII.  Genus,  RED-E7E,  APLOCENTRUS,  Aplocentre.     (p.  31.) 

19th  species,  Ohio  Red-Eye,  APLOCENTRUS  CALLIOPS,  Aplocentre 
beloBulL    (p.  31.) 

A  myth,  described  from  a  drawing  by  Mr.  Audubon.  Its  characters 
would  indicate  a  sort  of  bunfish  with  a  dorsal  fin  resembling  that  of 
Coryphcena,  "  beginning  behind  the  head  with  a  single  long,  spiny  ray, 
and  ending  close  to  the  tail ". 

The  name  "  Ked-Eye  "  in  the  region  which  this  fish  is  supposed  to  in- 
habit is  chiefly  applied  to  the  Eock-Bass  [Amblt^lites  rupestria). 
Vni.  OenuB,  BARBOT,  POGOSTOMA,  Barbotte.   (p.  34.) 

20th  species,  White-Eyes  Barbot,  POGOSTOMA  LBXTCOPS,  Barbotte 
oeuilblanc.    (p.  35.) 

Another  mythical  species,"  described  from  a  drawing  of  Mr.  Audubon  " 
It  is  a  toothless  Sunfish,  with  two  small  distant  dorsal  fins,  and  six  bar- 
bels about  the  mouth.  Whatever  it  is,  it  has  probably  no  longer  "  a 
great  many  vulgar  names,  such  as  White-Eyes,  Spectacles-Fish,  Streaked 
Sunfish,  Black  Sunfish,  Barbot,  Bearded  Sunfish,  etc.".  Nor  do  the 
French  settlers  call  it  "Barbotte,  Poisson  Lunette,  and  CBuil-Blanc". 
There  is  no  sort  of  foundation  for  Professor  Agassiz's  assertion  that 
"  Pogostoma  is  evidently  synonymous  with  Lota^K 

IX.  Genus.  HOGFISEI,  BTHEOSTOMA,  Etheostome.    (p.  35.) 
=Pegedicti8  Raf.,  1820. 

=  Catonotus  Ag.,  1S54:.  ' 

=Etheo8toma  Gill.  &  Jordan  emend.,  1877. 

1st  subgenus,  AFLESION.    (p.  36.) 
=  MiOEOPTEEUS  Lac6p6de. 

21st  species,  Bass  Hogfisb,  ETHEOSTOMA  CALLIURA,  Etheostome 
calliure.    (p.  36.) 

MiCEopTEEUS  SALMOiDES.    (Young,  3  to  9  iuchcs  long.) 

"I*^^  has  some  similarity  with  the  Lepomis  Jlexuolaria,  and  some  other 
River-Bass  *'.— tRaf.) 

22nd  species,  Fantail  Hogiish,  ETHEOSTOMA  FLABELLATA,  Etheos- 
tome eveutail.    (p.  36.) 

"       -  ETHEOSTOMA  FLADELLAEIS   Raf. 

Etheostoma  Jlabellaris  Kaf..,  1S]9.  ;.  .        i' :    '  ■  , 

Catonntua  flabellatiis  AucA.  •  ' 

yPescrlptiou  fair.,   The  genus  Etheostoma  was  based  originally  on  this 


EEVIEW   OF   EAPINESQDE   ON   AMERICAN  PISHES. 


2a 


<f 


species,  E.  blcnnioidea,  and  E.  caprodes.  The  original  diagnosis  was 
drawn  fiom  E.  JlabellaHs,  and  the  subsequent  subtraction  of  the  two 
latter  as  Diplesium  leaves  the  name  properly  to  be  retained  here.      ^lad 

*23d  species,  Black  Hogfisb,  BTHEOSTOMA  NIGRA,  BtheoBtome  noire. 

(p. 37.)       ,,    ........  .,     ...   ,..,..    ,„.,»,.,* 

t  k>:    ■    ,    BoLEOSOMA  NIGRA  (Raf.)  Jordan,    s  ,i'        *  -f^ttxt'vwO 
Bokosoma  mactilatum  Agaasiz.  ^         -  vo'irtfe 

Boleosoma  brevipinne  Cope.  ij,;     ^    i         ^^   .  >,       «.f!; 

Not  Nothonotiis  maculaius  Agassiz. 
Not  Poecilichthy8  camurna  Cope. 

Description  not  very  good,  but  I  hare  little  hesitation  in  making  the 
above  identification,  as  the  colors  of  the  males  of  this  species  in  spring 
are  often  so  intense  in  life  as  to  give  the  impression  of  a  truly  black  fish. 
The  small,  dark  spots,  obvious  on  close  inspection,  may  be  readily  over- 
looked. 

The  name  Aplesium  cannot  be  retained  for  this  genus,  as  in  the  nam- 
ber  of  the  Western  Miscellaneous  Mag.  in  which  Aplesion  was  first  pro- 
posed this  species  was  not  included.  '    .1- 

I  am  now  convinced  that  my  previous  identification  of  Etheostomi, 
nigra  with  Pvecilichthya  eamurus  Cope  and  Etheostoma  macxilatum  Kirt. 
is  erroneous. 

1 2d  subgenus,  DIPLESION.    (p.  37.) 

t24th  species,  Blunt-Nose  Hogfii^,  BTHEOSTOMA  BLBNNIOIDE3,  Ethe. 
ostome  Dlennioide.    (p<  37.) 

Diplesium  blbi     oides  Eaf.  .^ 

Etlieostoma  hlennioides  Kirtland  (description  but  not  figore),  (not  of 

Agassiz  and  late  authors). 
Pileoma  cymatogramma  Abbott.  :       a^  Svw 

Hyoxtoma  cymatogrammum  Cope. 

Raflnesque's  description  cannot  refer  to  the  "^.  hlennioides  Raf."  of 
Agassiz  and  recent  authors  {^Alvordiua  aapro  Cope  and  Jor.).    The 

*  Entirely  black,  pale  Iteneath ;  scales  smooth,  lateral  line  atreight,  mouth  rather  beneath, 
forehead  rounded,  ttpper  jaw  longer;  preopercule  rounded,  spine  acute;  vent  rather  ante- 
rior: tail  entire  nearly  truncate. 

From  one  to  two  inches  long.  Observed  in  Qreen  River.  Vulgar  name  Black  Minny. 
Iris  black,  silvery,  and  small.  Diameter  one-seventh  of  the  length,  without  spots. 
Head  small.    Pectoral  fins  oboval.    Tail  20.    Anal  fin  2  and  8.    Dorsal  10  and  12. 

t  Dorsal  fin  nearly  double,  divided  into  two  joining  parts.    Meaning  nearly  double. 

t  ISody  elongate,  breadth  one-eighth  of  the  length,  olivaceous,  ahnost  diaphanous,  some 
hown  spots  ott  the  back,  and  some  brown  geminate  transversal  lines  across  the  lateral  line, 


! 


■  1'  .^ 


■'■.*#  V 


IT  ^      \iif: 


24      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 

beaatiful  aiiu  singular  coloration  of  that  species — a  chain  of  rounded 
confluent,  black  blotches  on  a  jellowish  ground — would  surely  have  been 
noticed.  Moreover,  the  pattern  of  color  of  Rafluesque's  fish  is  exactly 
that  of  a  young  ^^Hyostoma  cymatogrammum".  Furthermore,  the  charac- 
ters "head  small",  "snout  rounded",  "mouth  small,  beneath",  "cheeks 
swelled",  "dorsal  13  and  13",  "a  brown  stripe  upon  it",  etc.,  apply  per- 
fectly to  the  "/Z}/o«towrt"  and  not  to  the  ^^Etheostoma^.  In  the  streuins 
where  Bafinesque  collected,  I  find  the  former  species  much  the  more 
abundant.  ,  «^  •        .■ 

25th  species,  Common  Hogfish,  ETHEOSTOMA  CAPRODES,  Etheoa- 
tome  capros.    (p.  3S.)  ,  v-j-.    •.    ,•.,,.•     i 

Peecina  capkodes  (Raf.)  Girard. 

Description  good. 

X.  Genus,  OOLDSHAD,  POMOLOBUS,  Pcmolobe.    (p.  38.) 

<.Alo8a  of  authors.  ' 

= Pomolobus  Gilh 

26th  species,  Ohio  Ooldshad,  POMOLOBUS  CHR7SOCHLORIS,  Pomo- 
lobe  dore.    (p.  39.)  . 

Pomolobus  chetsochloris  Raf.,  Gill.,  and  late  authors. 

Description  good. 

XI.  QenuB,  GIZZARD,  DOROSOMA,  Dorosome.    (p.  39.) 

=zChatoe88U8  Cuvier  and  most  authors. 
=I)orosoma  Gill. 

27th  speciMb  Spotted  Gizzard,  DOROSOMA  NC>TATA,  Dorosoma  tache. 
(p.  40.) 

DOEYSOMA  HETEEUEA  (Raf.)  Jor. 

Clupea  heterurus  Raf.,  1818. 
Chatoessus  elliptieus  Kirtland. 
Good  description  of  a  young  specimen. 

which  is  straight,  but  raised  at  the  base.  Head  small,  snout  rounded,  mouth  small  beneath, 
lower  jaxo  shorter ;  opercule  angnlar,  spine  acute ;  scales  ciliated,  pectoral  fins  elongate, 
tail  also,  and  bilobed  at  the  end. 

A  strange  species,  which  has  the  appc.fance,  head  and  spots  of  many  Blennie». 
Length  2  or  3  inches,  and  slender.  Seen  in  the  Ohio,  Wabash,  Mnskinguni,  &c.  Color 
pale,  sometimes  fulvous,  whitish  beneath.  Cheeks  stoelled  and  smooth,  preoperculo  simple 
arched,  opercnle  quite  angular ;  iris  large  and  blackish ;  scales  ronghened  by  the  cilia- 
tiou.  Dorsal  fin  13  and  13,  beginning  above  the  middle  of  the  pectorals  and  ending  with 
the  anal,  one  faint,  longitudinal  brown  stripe  on  it.  Tail  20  rays,  with  many  small  trans- 
versal lines.    Vent  medial.    Anal  flu  2  and  8.    Pectoral  flus  16,  oblong  acute. 


REVIEW   OP   RAPINESQUE   ON   AMERICAN   FISHES. 


25 


\ 


t 


•Xn.  OenuB,  GK>LD  HERRING,  NOTEMiaONUS,  Notemigone.    (p.  40.) 
<^Abrami8  Cuvier  and  many  authors  (not  type). 

=:6l<ii6c  Dekay  (pre-occupied  in  botany).       ,    .^ 

=Stilbin8  Gill.  '>^     jMi^rvr 

=Luxilu8  Girard  (not  of  Rafluesque=fli/psiiepi»). 
=Letico8omu8  Storer  (not  of  Heckel). 
=Plargyru8  Putnam  (not  of  liafluesque,  etc.).    ^ 

1 28th  species.  Ohio  Oold  Herring,  NOTBMIOONUS  AURATTJB,  Notemi* 
gone  dore.    (p.  40.)  fdhUfi. 

NoTEMiGONUS  AMERiCANUS  (L.)  Jordan.  ,-,      cs 

Cyprinus  americanus  Linnaeus.  '"'" 

Stilbe  chrysoleuca  (Mit.)  Dek.        .'  ''   '•'^'^^ 

Stilbe  americana  (L.)  Co^e.  ,       ,  \  j^ 

Abramia  americanus  (L.)  Giinther. 

A  very  good  description,  correct  in  every  particular.  This  fish  is 
rarely  or  never  called  Shiner  in  the  Ohio  Basin,  and  it  is  very  often  con- 
sidered by  the  fisherman  as  a  Shad.  If  this  genus  be  really  distinct 
from  the  European  Abratnis,  as  its  serrated  teeth  indicate,  the  generic 
name  of  Notemigonus  must  be  adopted.  ,    ,  .,^    ,  ^,        ,      ^,  .,.^q 

Xm.  Genus,  FALSE  HERRING,  HVODON,  Hyodon.    (p.  41.)         ,^ 
1st  subgenus,  AMPHIODON.    (p.  41.)  ,      ;      ' 

29th  species,  Toothed  False  Herring,  HTODON  AMPHIODON,  Do.  {sic.) 
{?.4^.)        ■ 

Hyodon  teegisus  Le  Sueur. 

It  is  now  generally  conceded  that  there  is  but  one  species  of  Hyodon. 
I  find  some  variation  in  form  of  body  and  number  of  fin-rays  in  speci- 
mens from  different  waters,  but  nothing  indicating  specific  distinction. 
No  author,  so  far  as  I  know,  has  paid  any  attention  to  the  numerous 

*  Body  fuBiform,  compressed,  scaly.  Vent  posterior.  Abdomen  obtusely  carinated, 
not  serrate;  hack  aimUar  before  the  dorsal  fin.  Head  scaleless,  mouth  small,  without  treth, 
lower  jaw  longer ;  gill-cover  double,  opercnle  simple.  Abdominal  fins  with  nine  rays 
and  vo  lateral  appendage.  Dorsal  fin  behind  them  above  the  vent.  This  genus  differs  from 
Clupea  by  the  carinated  back  and  bolly,  wiihout  serratures,  and  the  posterior  dorsal. 
Tlie  name  means  back  half  augular.    14th  G.  of  my  Prodr.  N.  G.  Animals. 

t  Back  gilt  olivaceous,  remainder  gilt  silvery ;  tins  yellow ;  lateral  line  following  the 
curve  of  the  belly ;  dorsal  with  9  rays,  anal  with  12 ;  tail  equally  forked. 

Length  from  4  to  8  inches,  diameter  one-fifth  of  the  total  k  igth.  Iris  gilt.  Tongue 
short,  toothless.  Scales  large,  radiating  with  nerves.  Head  convex  above  and  small. 
Dorsal  fin  broad  trapezoidal,  the  first  ray  longer.  Anal  broad  also,  but  not  so  much. 
Pectoral  small  with  16  rays.  Tail  24.  Not  uncommon  in  the  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Miami, 
&c.  Tie  vulgar  names  are  Gold  Herring  and  Yellow  Herring.  It  appears  in  the  fall. 
It  docs  not  bite  at  the  book.    Plesh  pretty  good. 


A      *»!' 


ilfe-.' 


•I 


*_  -i  u  \ 


26 


CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I, 


species  of  Raflnesque.  The  name  Olossodon  was  published  by  Rafi- 
nesque  for  this  genus  iu  September,  1818,  within  a  few  days  of  the  publi- 
cation of  Hiodon  by  Le  Sueur.  It  is  not  known  which  has  priority 
but  as  Le  Sueur's  paper  was  first  written,  and  as  his  name  has  come 
into  common  use,  it  is  probably  best  to  retain  it. 

3Ctb  species,  Summer  False  Herring,  HTODON  HETERURUS,  Hyodon 
hetenue.    (p.  42.) 

2d  subgenus,  GLOSSODON.    (p.  42.) 

31st  species,  Summer  False  Herring,  HVODON  VERNALIS,  Hyodon 
printanier.    (p.  4'J.) 

3d  subgenus,  CLODALUS.     (p.  43.) 

32d  species,  May  False  Herring,  HTODON  CLODALUS,  fiyodon  de  May. 
(p.  43.) 

33d  species.  Lake  False  Herring,  HVODO-V  TERQISUS,  Hyodon  lacvstre. 
(p.  43.) 

XIV.  Genus,  TROUT  SALMO,  Truite.    (p.  44.) 

34th  species,  Alleghany  Trout,  BALMO  ALLEGANIENSIS,  Truite  alle- 
ganienne.    (p.  44.) 
Salmo  fontinalis  Mitchill. 

35th  species,  Black  Trout,  SALMO  NIGIUEISCBNS,  Tniite  noiratre.  (p.  45.) 
Salmo  fontinalis  Mitchill. 

•  XV.  Genus,  »j:iNNY,  MINNILU3,  Minny.    (p.  4.').) 

•  iJody  eluijgated,  boniowhat  cv^in pressed,  covered  with  siiiaU  scales.  Vent,  medial 
Hoad  Out  abovo,  and  somewhat  shrdded.  Qill-covur  double,  scaleless,  three  bruiiehiul 
rays.  Month  diagonal,  small,  toothless  and  beardless,  without  lips,  lower  juw  hborUT 
and  narrower.  A  small  triipezoidal  dorsal  fln,  nearer  to  the  head  than  to  the  tiiil,  op- 
posite to  the  abdominal  tins,  and  without  spines.  Abdominal  tins  with  eight  rjiyH,auil 
without  appendages.     (Tail  forked  in  all  tho  Ohio  species.) 

There  ai^  iu  tho  United  States  more  than  fifty  species  of  small  fresh-wator  fisin's 
(and  in  tho  Ohio  waters  more  than  sixteen  species),  commonly  called  Miniiifs,  Min- 
nows, IJaitUsh,  Chuijs,  and  Siiiiuirs,  which  sHwuild  belong  to  tho  genus  CypriniiH  of  Liii- 
uuus,  or,  rather,  to  the  part  of  it  which  has  bee:i  called  Leuciaaia  by  Klein  at.d  Ciivicr; 
which  subf^'onus  (or  genus)  is  distinguished  by  a  snuiU  <lorHal  tin,  no  spines  nor  bearilN; 
but  as  the  geuus  i'yprinug  forms  now  a  large  family,  and  even  the  genus  LrimnciiH  iiiu!«t 
be  divi<led,  siuco  it  contains  more  than  one  hnnd.-ed  uMomalous  species,  dill'ering  in  tim 
])08ition  of  tho  dorsal  tin  i.nd  the  vent,  the  number  of  rays  to  the  abdominal  tiiis,  t&c, 
I  venture  to  propose  this  and  the  three  following  genera.  Three  other  dillureut  ireueru 
might  be  istaldished  upon  tho  Europpr.n  species,  distinguished  as  follows: 

Dobitla.  Dorsal  flu  nearer  to  the  tail,  abdominal  Uuh  with  uiuo  rays  and  an  appen- 
dage; upper  jaw  longer. 

PhoxiniiH  ditfers  by  ten  abdominal  rays  and  no  appendage. 

Albuniiui  ditl'ers  from  Dobula  by  i>o  aitpendage  aiul  the  lower  Jaw  longer. 

Besides  my  genus  Hemiplun  (Annals  of  Nature),  which  hoM  tho  vent  posterior,  the 
lower  Jaw  longer,  only  live  rays  and  an  appendage  to  the  abdominal  flus. 

All  these  small  fish  are  permanent;  they  fetnl  on  worms,  insects,  univalve  nIicIIh, 
and  spawn ;  they  bito  at  a  suuill  hook,  baited  with  worms  or  Hies,  and  they  form  an 
cxoellont  bait  for  all  the  larger  flsh  which  feud  npuu  them.  They  are  good  to  eat  wbru 
fried.  .     , 


BBVIEW   OF   P.AFINESQUE   ON   AMERICAN   FISHES. 


27 


*36th   speoies,  SlenderMinnf/',  MINNILUS  DINEMUS,  Minny   emeraude. 

NoTOTROPis  DiNEMUS  (Raf.)  Jordan.  ,!>-,/;•. 

Alburnellus  jaoulua  Cope .  ■         ''  " 

The  coloratiou  and  form  are  those  of  Alburnellm  jaculus,  with  which 
I  have  ideutifled  this  description.  ^  ,  ,^< 

t37th  species,  Spotted  Minny,  MINNILUS  NOTATUS,  Minny  tache.     (p.  47.) 

Hyborhynchds  notatus  (Raf.)  Ag. 

Hyhorhynchua  notatus  Agassiz. 
Ilijborhynchua  superciliosus  Cope. 

Agassiz's  identification  of  his  Hyborhynchua  with  this  species  is  possi- 
bly correct,  although  the  description  is  very  irrelevant.  The  common 
Hyhorhynchus  of  the  Ohio  region  has  small  but  distinct  barbels  at  the 
angle  of  the  mouth,  and  is  therefore  II.  superciliosus  of  Cope.  The  latter 
uauie  is  probably  a  synonym  of  II.  notatus. 

t38thspecie3,  Little-Mouthed  Minny,  MINNILUS  MICKOSTOMUS,  Minny 

mlcroBtome.    (p.  47.) 

IJybopsis  miceoe*tomus  (Raf.)  Jordan. 

Hyhopsis  lougiccps  Cope. 

Illllmpsis  microstomvs  (Raf.)  Jordan. 

Thi.s  description  agrees  very  closely  with  specimens  sent  me  by  "\V.  M. 

•Di:\tnr(tor  onc-eiijhth  of  total  length,  silrery,  buck  oUcaceoun  with  a  brown  longitudinal 
i!ripe  III  tlio  initliUo ;  two  luteral  lines,  one  HtraiKlit,  tDe  lower  ciirvu«l  dowuwiirda  and 
shorter;  head  yilt  and  green  above.    Dorsal  iln  1)  rays.    Anal  Jin  12  ra\jn. 

A  »maU  and  glcndci  spuoios,  common  in  the  Ohio,  &.C.,  and  going  inflockg;  length  2  or 
3  iiiiluvH.  Its  head  in  Itiauliful  tvhcn  uUve  ;  it  in  above  of  a  fine  gold  color  with  grevn  nhudes, 
becoming  of  an  emerald-green  above  the  eyes.  Iris  nilrery  ;  sidt's  opaque,  upper  lattnil  line 
Koldgreen.  Nostrils  largo.  Pectoral  tins  witli  12  rays,  uot  reuuhing  the  abdominal. 
All  thcjlns  nivvry.    Tail  with  21  ruys.    Scales  very  small. 

tDiiiinoter  oiie-sovoutii  of  total  lengtli,  silvery;  back  olivaceous  with  a  largo  brown 
Ktrip't  in  the  middle;  head  brown  above,  lat(«ral  line  straight,  a  black  spot  at  the 
bam  (if  the  tail.    Uorsal  with  H,  and  anal  with  i)  rays. 

Hiiino  size  with  th»  pntceding,  but  not  so  slender,  and  less  common.  Iris  golden, 
noKtrilif  vory  large,  month  small,  lateral  line  shining  blue  on  the  opatiuo  sidi^s.  Pecto- 
ral IliiH  with  \'i  rays,  and  nut  reaching  the  abdomen.  Tail  with  14  rays.  It  is  often 
railid  Minny  Chub. 

I  Diiiineter  (>uo-seventh  of  total  length;  »ili<ery,  olivaceous  on  the  back  and  head,ii<lei 
vUhafeiP  black  dot»,  lateral  lino  strai;;ht,  pectoral  ^na  reaching  the  abdominal  finn.  Dorsal 
ami  until  fint  with  eight  ray*. 

AhiiiuII  Mpccit's  found  In  (lie  Kentucky  River.  Month  tvry  «ma//,  nostrils  large,  iris 
silvt>ry,  (Ins  fulvous,  the  p(>(;toral  with  V2  and  the  caudal  with  v!4  rays,     Jlvad  tlongattii. 


•  m 


!,  i. ,  ,  •   f  -I 


28      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 

Linney  from  Salt  Biver,  Kentucky.  Au  examination  of  Professor  Cone's 
types  of  Eyhopsis  longicepa  has  convinced  me  of  the  identity  of  that 
species  with  Baflnesque's.  It  is  perhaps  best  to  unite  Eybopsis  with 
Luxilus.  The  distinctive  character  of  the  high  scales,  so  noticeable 
in  L.  cornutus,  fades  by  insensible  degrees  into  the  ordinary  Uybopsis 
type. 

Under  Luxilus  the  following  subgeneric  sections  are  probably  ecu- 
veniently  recognizable : 

a.  Luxilus:  type  cornutus. 

b.  Alburnops:  type  blennius. 

c.  Hyhopsis:  type  gracilis. 

d.  Hudsonius:  type  hudsoniua. 

*  XVI.  Oenus.  SHINER.  LuzUus,  Liudle.   (p.  47.) 

ir«/pst7ept«  Baird,  1854. 

Hybopsis  Ag.,  1854. 

Alburnops  and  Hudsonius  Grd.,  1856. 

Luxilus  Jordan,  187G.  . 


|| 


let  BubgenuB,  CHROSOMUS.   (p.  47.) 

39th  Bpecies,  Red-Belly  Shiner,  LUXILUS  ERTTHROOA8TER,  Luzile 
erythrogastre.    (p.  47.) 


OnUOSOMUS  ERYTHROGASTER  Eaf. 

Description  characteristic,  although  slightly  erroneous.  The  colora- 
tion described  is  that  of  C7.  orca»  Cope,  rather  than  that  of  the  crythro- 
gaster  of  AgAmiz.        '      ' 

1 2d  BubgenuB,  LUXILUS.    (p.  48.) 

=P/rtr//»/rM«  Ginird  (neo  Baflnesque). 

—  Ilypsilcpis  Baird  and  most  authors.     "    -  -^   -- 

=  Luxilus  m.  *      '  . 


*  Difff  runce  from  AlinniluM :  Vunt  posteriur  or  nenrer  to  the  tail.  MoutJi  rntlirr  \nrjfv, 
cointiKiiily  with  lips  uiid  ftinul  Juwh.  KcuIuh  ratlu-r  largo.  Prnopercule  withuti  iiii);iilar 
Biitiiro. 

tMuiilli  ruthcr  large,  with  small  ilut  lipijawa  c<iua),Boalos  largo. 


rrnirrrx's 


REVIKW   OT*   BAFINESQUE    ON   AMERICAN    FISHES.  *^^'  "^ 


>j  .1 1. 


■  >,\>'-^: 


•40th  species,  Gold  Head  Shiner,  LTTXILUS  OHRTSOCEPHALUS,  Luzile 
chryaocephale.    (p.  48.) 

,.  tLuxiLTTS  COENUTUS  (Mitch.)  Jor. 

Cjprinus  cornutus  Mitchill. 

Eypf^ilcpis  cornutus  (Mitch.)  Storer  and  authors. 

Plargi/rus  typicus,  cornutuH,  frontalis,  etc.,  Girard.  '"■<  - 

Description  fair,  excepting  that  the  pectorals  scarcely  reach  the  ven- 
trals,  and  older  specimens  are  less  elongated.  The  cornutus  is  very 
abundant  throughout  the  Ohio  Valley,  where  it  is  overy  where  known  as 
the  Shiner,  a  name  rarely  applied  to  any  other  fish.  Raflnesque's 
description  is  very  correct  as  regards  its  average  appearance  in  the 
West  when  not  tuberculate  or  flushed  with  red.  His  account  has,  how- 
ever, been  carelessly  referred  to  Cyprinus  chrysoleucua  of  Mitchill,  solely 
on  account  of  the  similarity  of  the  names,  although  Bafinesque  correctly 
iudicatea  the  chief  points  of  diTFerence.  As  chrysocephalus  is  evidently 
intended  as  the  type  of  Luxilus,  the  latter  is  synonymous  with  Eypsilepis, 
and  we  have  no  alternative  but  to  restore  the  older  name  in  place  of  the 
latter  and  more  scientific  appellation.      ev        -      >■       '  .    .  . 

t4lBt  species,  Kentuckian  Shiner,  LUXILIJS  KBNTUCKIENSIS,  Luzlle 

du  Kentucky,     (p.  48.) 

?  1  LuxiLUS  CORNUTUS  (Mit.)  Jor. 

Not  Lnxilus  lentucliensis  Kirtland. 
Tills  species  is  not  yet  satiafiictorily  identified.    It  is  certr.inly  not 

*  Diuinnter  one-lifth  of  total  length,  Hilvery  with  goldeu  shades  on  the  sides,  hecUlgilt, 
back  and  nape  dark  olitiaceoug;  lateral  line  cuned  downwardt,  pectoral  lius  ruachiug  the 
iibdomiiiiil.     Dorml  and  anal  jinn  with  nine  rayn, 

Viilj{Hr  naino.t.  Gold  Chub,  Shiner,  (Joldli^rtd,  &c,  Lenf^th  6  inchos.  It  is  found  ia 
KeiitiK  ky,  Ohio,  Cumberland,  (Ireen  Kiver,  &c.  Irin  ynldtn,  Finn  fulvous,  the  prclortil 
({oldtMi,  lai'Ke,  witli  14  rays;  tail  with '24.  It  reitemhlrs  ihecommon  tihineror  Hutlcrfmh  of 
IViiiiNylvania,  Cuprinns  ohnjnoleuvon  Mitcliil),  but  that  tlsh  is  a  llHtilm,\\^,\v\n\^  nine 
HUloiiiiiial  rays;  its  body  is  beNi<les  sliorter  and  Ike  anal  fin  ia  falcated  with  Kirayn. 

tAilditional  evidence  of  tlieoorrcctneesof  thisidentitication  is  found  in  a  MSS.  paper 
oil  tlie  Fishes  of  Pennsylvania,  by  Katlnesipie,  now  in  the  possession  of  rrofessor  Haird. 
Ill  tliJK  pnper  the  species  in  <piestiou  is  described  under  the  nanus  o(  Luxi'.ut  cornutiti 
(Mit.)Uiif. 

tDliiineter  one-seven  Mi  of  total  length,  silvery,  back  olivaceous,  lateral  line  curved 
downwards,  dorml  mid  oaudal finii  red,  the  pectoral  yellow,  not  reaching  the  abdomen. 
Ihrnal  H  and  anal  7  rays. 

V'iii|{ar  names:  India*  Chub,  Red-tail,  Shiner,  &o.  Length  about  4  inches.  It  is 
rtH'<u)ii<Hl  an  excellent  bait  for  anglers,  becniim^  it  will  swim  a  long  while  with  the  hook 
III  itNbody.  Eyes  small,  iris  brown  with  agold  ring.  Yellowish- brown  above  the  heud, 
AlHliiiniual  and  anal  tins  white.  I'ectoral  aid  abdomiual  flns  oboval,  with  li  rays. 
Tall  with  <24  rayi.  ,.       .  _ 


I 

#1 


..,;'t.- 


30      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN  ICfiTHYOLOGY — I. 

the  Silver- Fin,  Luxilua  kentucJciensis  Kirtland,  as  has  been  shown  by 
Professor  Cope. 

•  42d  species,  Yellow  Shiner,  LUXILUS  INTERRUPTUS,  Luxile  jaunatre, 
(p.  49.) 

Not  identified.  >,     ..>».^  t4^v.t..r  ,^-vh  >;j.  v 

The  description  contains  little  that  is  suggestive,  and  it  might  apply 

to  almost  any  of  the  small  silvery  species.  vi  :  ;/ 

XVn.  GtenuB,  CHUBB7,  SEMOTILnS,  SemotUe.    (p.  49.)  ^ 

:=  Semotilus  Ra,t.  lii.    :  .      *.  I 

43d  species,  Bigback  Chubby,  8EM0TILUS  DORB  '  MS.  8  motUe  dorsal 
(p.  49.) 

Semotilus  corpoealis  (Mitchill)  Putnam. 

44th    species,    Blghead     Chubby,    SSMOTILUS    CEPHALUS,    Semotile 
cephale.    (p.  49.) 

Semotilus  corporalis  (Mitchill)  Putnam. 

t45th  species,  "Warty  Chubby,  SEMOTXIiUS  DXPLEMITTS,  Semotile  ver- 
ruqueiUE.    (p.  50.) 

Lythrurus  dipl^mius  (Raf.)  Jor.      „  ,. 

Not  Leuciscu8  diplamius  Kirtland  (=f  Lux.  cornutua  var.). 
Sypsilepis  diplcBmia  Cope. 

This  can  hardly  be  the  Lythrurus  diplamius,  as  that  species  has  a 
long  anal  fin,  and  the  male  fish  has,  instead  of  "  some  black  warts  on  the 
head  ",  the  whole  upper  surface  of  the  head  and  neck  studded  with 
minute  whitish  tubercles.  Moreover,  the  dorsal  spot  is  not  "round", 
and  there  is  no  caudal  spot.  Still,  as  I  can  at  present  suggest  no  bet- 
ter identification,  I  allow  that  made  by  Professor  Cope  to  stand. 

*  Duimwler  one-sixth  of  total  length  ;  yellowiGh-olivaceons  above,  silvery  beiieaili, 
rnfous  brown  above  the  head,  »  rufouH  line  from  the  dorsal  to  the  tail,  two  Btrait;ht  and 
separated  half  lateral  linoH,  the  antTior  one  above  the  posterior ;  pectoral  Run  reuob- 
ing  the  abdominal.    Dorsal  with  IG  and  anal  with  9  rays. 

A  Huiall  species,  only  ',i  inches  long,  called  Yellow  Chub  or  Shiner.  Seen  in  the  Oliin. 
Sides  opaline,  with  violet,  shades.  Iris  silvery,  mouth  large,  lips  very  apparent.  Fins 
yellowisii,  pectorals  with  16  rays,  caudals  with  24. 

t  Diameter  one-sixth  of  total  length  ;  olivace"'s  brown  with  gold  shades  above,  sil- 
very beneatli ;  lateral  Hue  double,  the  anterior  and  lower  curved  upwards  at  the  biise, 
reaching  to  the  abdominal  fins,  the  posterior  nnd  upper  straight  from  the  pectoral  (inn 
to  the  tail ;  tins  r(>d,  a  spot  at  the  base  of  the  dorsal  and  caudal,  and  many  dots  over 
them.    Dorsals  with  nine  rays;  the  anal  with  eight. 

Lengtii  from  3  to  4  inches,  often  ralle«l  Minny  or  Red-Fin.  Observed  in  the  Ken- 
tucky Ui'er  near  Estill.  The  male  flsh  has  a  larger  mouth  than  the  female  and  some 
hiaok  warts  on  the  head.  Fulvous  brown  on  the  head.  Iris  large,  golden  and  white, 
Some  black  dots  on  the  dorsal  and  caudal  fins  ;  the  caudal  spot  is  on  tail  and  the  dor- 
Bill  at  the  anterior  base ;  they  are  small  and  round.  The  pectoral  tins  do  not  reach  tiie 
alxlominal  fins;  they  have  18  rays;  the  tail  haa  24. 


EEVIEW   OP   RAFI^ESQUE   ON   AMERICAN   FISHES. 


31 


li'  ts'ffOfi» 


(p.  50) 


*  XVm.  Genus,  FALLFISH,  RutUus,  RntUe. 
=  Leugisous  Klein. 

HGth  species,   SUverside  Fallfish,   RUTILnS  PLARGTRUS,  Ruti!o  plar- 

gyre.    (p.  50.) 

LuxiLUS  COBNUTUS  (probably). 

Baflnesque's  account  applies  about  equally  well  to  Luxilus  comutus 
and  Cyprinella  analostana  Grd.  I  prefer  to  foUov  Dr.  Kirtland  and 
writers  generally  in  identifying  it  with  the  preceding  species.  The  name 
Plargyrus  is  not  available  for  any  of  our  genera  of  Cyprinidce.  As  Cypri- 
nus  t  Htilu8  L.  is  stated  to  be  the  type  of  Butilus  Baf.,  it  is  the  type  of 
that  genus,  and  the  provisional  namo  Plargyrus  is  unnecessary. 

\  47th  species,  Baiting  Fallfiish,  RUnLUS  COMPRBSSXTB^  Rutlle  appat 

(p.  51.)       ■'■ :    • , 

Not  yet  satisfactorily  identified.  It  is  probably  not  Leuciscus  com- 
pressus  of  Kirtland.  It  may  have  been  based  in  part  on  Nototropis 
rvbrifrons  (Cope.) 

( 48th  species,  Round-Nose  Fallfish,  RUTILUS  AMBLOPS,  Rutile  amblopse 
(p.  5i.) 

NocoMis  AMBLOPS  (Raf.)  Cope  &  Jordan. 
Ceratichthys  hyalinm  Jordan,  Map.  Vert,  (aot  of  dope).  ^ 

r 

Description  rather  indefinite.  AsGirard  has  identified  itwith  a  species 
of  Ceratichthys,  I  refer  it  to  a  member  of  that  genus  common  at  the 

*  DifTerence  from  Minnilus  :  Vent  posterior,  nearer  to  tbo  tail.  Abdominal  lins  ivith 
nine  rays.    Mouth  large  and  with  lips.    Scales  large. 

I  cull  this  genus  Jiutilua,  in  the  supposition  that  the  Cyprinut  rutilus  may  be  the 
tyi)e  of  it;  if  it  should  be  otherwise,  it  may  bo  called  Plargyrus. 

t Diameter  one-fifth  of  total  length;  silvery,  back  with  the  dorsal,  pectoral,  and 
candal  fins  olivaceous  ;  lateral  line  curved  downwards;  snout  truncate;  month  almost 
vertical.    Dorsal  and  anal  fins  with  0  rays. 

Length  from  4  to  6  inches ;  vulgar  names :— Silverside,  Shiner,  White  Chub,  &c. 
Comiuon  in  the  streams  of  Kentuolcy.  Month  large,  upper  Jaw  almoat  vertical,  yet 
long(>r  than  the  lower.  Iris  white.  Peotornl  flus  with  14  rays,  reaching  almost  the 
abdominals,  which  are  oboval  and  white.  Tail  forked  as  usual  with  24  rays.  Scales 
large. 

I  Diameter  one-seventh  of  total  length ;  silvery,  back  fulvous,  aides  compressed, 
lateral  line  straight,  raiseil  upwards  at  the  base,  anout  rounded,  mouth  hardly  diag' 
o»al,  nearly  horizontal.   Dorsal  and  anal  fins  with  9  rays. 

A  Hniall  tlsh  from  2  to  4  inches  long,  called  Fall-flsh,  Bait-fish,  Minny,  &.o.  It  is 
fuuiul  ill  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  in  the  waters  of  the  Monongahela,  Kenhaway,  and 
even  in  the  Potomac.  The  name  of  Fall -fish  arises  from  its  bring  often  found  near 
fallH  and  ripples.  Body  more  compressed  than  in  the  other  species;  as  much  so  as  in 
tlm^'nnus  iiinnilui.  Scales  large  ;  lips  a  little  fl'why  ;  iris  silvery-gilt ;  fins  transpar- 
ent ;  the  pectoral  with  14  rays,  and  not  reaching  the  abdominal ;  tail  with  38  rays. 

iUiamoter  one-sixth  of  total  length;  sit  very,  head  fulvoas  above,  snout  round; 


■■'''•    '  ♦! 

'  "  km 


r^%  . 


»: 


m 


LjI 


32      CONTRIBUTIONS  TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 


'  !i 


[1 

lb 


Falls  of  the  Ohio,  which,  if  distinct  from  C.  hyalinus  Cope,  as  Professor 
Cope  thinks,  seems  not  to  have  received  any  other  name. 

49th  species,  Blaok-tail  Fallfisb,  RUTILTTS  MELANURUS,  Rutile  mela- 
nure.    (p.  51.)  ^    .  ..  ,        ,       v      .. 

«#^#«»Ks/?>- '     Myxostoma  duquesnii  (Le  S.)  Jor.  (young). 

Descriptioa  incorrect  and  insufficient.  The  "15  dorsal  rays"  indi- 
cate?' a  Slicker,  and  the  coloration  is  that  of  a  young  "Red- Horse". 

*50th  species,  Anomal  Fallfisb,  RUTILTTS  ANOMAZiVS,  Rutile  aaomaL 
(p.  52.)         ,      , 

ICampostoma  anomalum  (Eaf.)  Ag. 

This  description  Is  perhaps  intended  for  Campostoma,  but  it  is  very 
imperfect,  if  not  erroneous. 

tSlst  species,  Red  Minny,  RUTILnS  ?  RUBER,  Rutile  rouge,    (p.  52.) 

,    Lythkurus  species.    . 

Probably  the  male  fish  of  one  of  the  species  of  Lythrurui  is  intended 
rather  than  a  Chroaomusj  as  supposed  by  Professor  Agassiz.  Lythrurus 
ardens  is  abundant  in  the  upper  waters  of  the  Cumberland.  Few  fishes 
in  our  waters  are  of  so  "  fine  a  purple  red". 

XIX.  GemiB,  FAT-HEAD,  PIMEPHALES,  Pimepbale.    (p.  52.) 

92d  species,  Blackheaded  Fat-bead,  PIMEPHALES  PROMELAS,  Pime- 
pbale tete-noire.    (p.  5.*).) 

PIMEPHALES  PROMELAS  Raf. 

Description  fair.  This  species  is  very  abundant  in  small  streams 
about  the  Fall"^  of  the  Ohio. 

sides  with  an  opaque  band,  lateral  line  Btraigbt;  pectoral  Una  witb  12  rays,  ami 
reaching  the  abdominal  fins.   Dorsal  and  anal  flim  with  10  rays. 

Length  1  or  2  inches.  Vulgar  name:  White  Chub,  or  Fall- ilsh.  It  is  found  at  ibe 
falls  of  the  Ohio.  Back  slightly  fulvescent,  snout  large  and  rounded,  mouth  hanlly 
diagonal,  eyes  large,  iris  silvery,  and  scales  large.    Tail  with  30  rays. 

•  Diameter  one-fifth  of  total  length,  fulvous  above,  sides  dnsky,  white  beneath, 
anoat  rounded,  a  vertical  brown  line  behind  the  gills;  lateral  line  straight,  raided  up- 
wards at  the  base;  pectoral  fins  yellow,  oboval,  short,  with  15  rays;  tail  unequally 
bilobed,  the  upper  lobe  larger.     Dorsal  and  anal  fins  red  ;  doraal  8  and  anal  7  rayM. 

An  anomalous  fish,  differing  from  all  those  of  theCyprinian  tribe  (n  the  Ohio,  by  its 
unequal  bilobed  tail,  which  is  bro\.uiHh,  and  has  22  rays.  Mouth  diagonal.  Eyes 
small ;  iris  olivaceous  gilt.  Nape  of  the  neck  red,  scales  rather  smnll.  Length  L'  iocht's. 
Found  in  Licking  River,  &o.    Vulgar  uames  :  Chub,  Redfisb,  Fallfisb,  &.c. 

t  Entirely  rod  ;  tail  forked.  ' 

I  add  here  a  line  small  fixh,  which  I  have  never  seen  as  yet,  but  it  is  said  to  live  in 
the  small  streams  which  fall  into  the  Elkhorn  and  Kentucky.  I^  is  a  slender  fish,  only 
2  inches  lung,  oompresseti,  and  of  a  flue  purple  red.  It  may  belong  to  this  genus,  or 
to  auy  other  of  this  tribe.    It  la  oommonly  called  Rod-minny. 


BEVIEW   OP   HAFiNESQUE   ON   AMERICAN   FISHES. 


33 


XX.  Oenus,  SUCKER,  C  ^TOSTOMUS,  Catostome.    (p.  53.) 
1;,=^  •  Ist  subgenus,  MOXOSTOMA.    (p.  54.) 

Ujjxostoma  Jor. 
(Not  Moxostoma  of  Agassiz  anU  authors  =  Erimyzon  m.)  **«*i»tirs 

1 53d  species,  Ohio  Carp-Sucker,  CATOSTOMUS  ANISURUS,  Catostome 
anisure.    (p.  54.) 

Myxostoma  anisura  (Raf.)  Jordan. 

(Not  Moxostoma  anisurus  AgsiBa\z= Erimyzon  oblongus  (Mit.)  Jordan.) 

Catostomus anisurus  KiTilaud.  •    ,,.;  .,i.  - 

rtychostomus  collapsua  Cope. 

This  species,  described  by  Rafinesqae,  and  described  and  figured  by 
Dr.  Kirtland,  is  said  to  possess  a  lateral  line,  and  to  have  red  fins. 
Furthermore,  it  is  known  as  "  Carp",  and  reaches  a  length  of  1  to  3  feet. 
It  is  evidently  not  a  Moxostoma  as  that  genus  is  defined  by  Agassi:;,  but 
ii  rtychostomus.  Moxostoma  becomes,  therefore,  a  synonym  of  Ftijchos- 
tomns,  and  having  priority  must  supersede  it.  In  accordance  with  the 
etymology  of  the  word,  I  have  changed  the  first  vowel  o  to  y. 

54th  species,  Buffalo  Carp-Sucker.  CATOSTOMUS  ANISOPTERUS,  Ca- 
tostome anisopture.     ^p.  54.) 

fCarpiodes  vcli/er  (Raf.)  Ag. 

An  insufficient  description  of  some  Carpicdcs  "from  a  drawing  by  Mr. 
Audubon".  Raflnesque  remarks:  "The  C  tuberculaius  of  Le  Sueur 
belongs  also  to  this  subgenus,  having  8  abdominal  rays,  but  its  tail  ia 
regularly  bifid". 

2d  subgenus,  ICTIOBUS.    (p.  55.) 
=  Ichthyobus  Ardf'siz. 

"  The  C.  gibhosus  and  C.  communis  of  Le  Suenr  appear  to  be  intermedi- 

'lluii'y  obluu^,  utiuipri'bsed  ;  Lead  c«iui)>ri'88e(l,ei(rbt  ubdomiuul  ruy8,  dursal  iiu  cuui- 
inuiily  longitudinal;   tail  couiiiionly  unequally  forked. 

tDiiiiueter  oue-tifth  of  the  kiigtb  ;  ailveri/,  slightly  fulvcscent  above,  fins  nd,  tlio  dor- 
«al  ulivueeous,  falcated  with  17  rays,  nearer  to  tho  head  and  reaching  tbe  vent ;  lateral 
line  cinrcd  vpvardH  and  Jltzuoseal  ihehase;  enuutgibboBo;  tail  forked,  upper  pat  t  longer. 
Anal  lin  falcate  with  H  rays. 

A  large  species  common  all  over  the  Ohio  and  tbelargestreamB,a8far  as  Pitksbnrgb. 
Perniunent  and  sometimes  taken  in  winter.  It  Is  called  Carp  everywhere.  Length 
I'rom  one  to  three  feet.  It  is  taken  with  tbe  hook,  seine  and  dart.  Its  llcsh  is  pretty 
({oud,  but  soft.  The  mule  fish  has  a  red  tail;  while  it  is  olivaceous  iu  the  female. 
>SnuNt  divided  from  the  head  by  a  transverse  hollow  which  stakes  it  gibbose.  Eyes  black,  iris 
nilvery  and  gulden  above.  Sides  often  with  copper  shades.  Scales  large  with  concen- 
tric Ntria.  Pectoral  fina  large,  oval  acnte,  with  15  rays, and  reaching  tbe  ubdoniinal  fins. 
Ciiudul  with  24  rays. 
Bull.  9—3 


:  „  km 


'J  ' 


■  4 ' 


't-i,  ^,- 


34      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NOBTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 


I 


\0 


ato  between  this  sabgenns  and  the  foregoing,  having  9  abdominal  rajs, 
but  an  unequally  bilobed  tail." — (Eaf.)  .,  ;.,;,,  ^._.,„  ^      ,,.,,  ..: 

55th  species,  Brown  Buffalo-Fish,  CATOSTOMUS  BX7BALVS,  Catostome 
bubale.    (p.  55.) 

ICHTHYOBUS  BUBALUS  (Raf.)  Ag.       „  >>^.  ^-,,_  j,  ,       j 

Description  passable.  ..       . .»? 

*  56th  species,  Black  Buffalo-Fish,  CATOSTOMUS  NIGER,  Catoatome  noir. 
(p-56.)  ,,      .^ 

T  BUBALICHTnYS  NIGER  (Raf.)  Ag. 

Description  insuflficient. 

.    3d  subgenus,  CARPIODES.    (p.  56.) 
Carptodes  Agassiz  and  authors.  ..  -■  J 

"The  C.  cyprinua  and  G.  setoaua  of  Le  Sueur  belong  to  this  subgenus  "— 

(Raf.)  ■  .   ,    .•  if  ...;,■..,    V:.  x,:'w  "  s    ;..■,....    ,:...•   ...x'-  .x&5i,r     .,.,  .  S 

t57th  species,  Olive  Carp-Suoker,   CATOSTOMUS  CARFIO,  Catostome 

carpe.    (p.  56. )  - «  \  i 

'       ='      CARPIODES  OAKPIO  Raf.  ^is  >  v  iv 

Garpiodea  nummifer  Go^e.  ^     ^         u 

This  description  apparently  refers  to  the  species  lately  called  C.  mm 
mffer  by  Professor  Cope.    I  therefore  adopt  Raflnesque's  specific  name. 

-  58th  species,  Sailing-Sucker,  CATOSTOMUS  VELIFER,  Catostome  volant. 
(p.  56.) 

CAWPTOnmS    TTRT-TTTEU   (llitfA    Acr. 


4>  .) 
t 

:VJJ 


CARPIODES  VELIFER  (Raf.)  Ag. 

A  fair  description. 


t--vC?       ';•»> 


10! « 


1 59th  species,  Mud-Sucker,  CATOSTOMUS  XANTHOPUS,  Cavostome 
zauthope.    (p.  57.) 

HYPENTELIUM  NIGRICANS  (Le  S.)  Jor.  •         -■' 

It  is  possible  that  this  description  was  intended  for  the  Cat.  nigricans 
LeS.,  but  the  latter  is  certainly  not  a  "luud-flsh",  as  Professor  Agassiz 

*  Entirely  black,  lateral  line  straight. 

I  huve  nut  seen  this  flsh.  Mr.  Audubon  describes  it  as  a  peculiar  species,  found  in 
the  Mississippi  and  the  lower  part  of  the  Ohio,  being  entirrly  similar  to  the  coininuu 
Bnffalo-fisb,  but  larger,  weighing  souietimes  upwards  of  ^^0  ponuds,  and  living  iu  Bep- 
unite  shoulH. 

t  Diameter  ono-fourth  of  the  length;  olivaceons  above,  pale  beneath,  chin  white, 
abdomen  bluish  ;  lateral  lino  straight,  dorsal  tin  somewhat  falcated  with  36  rays,  and 
trapezoidal  with  10  rays;  head  sloping,  Huout  rounded. 

Seen  at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio ;  commonly  called  Carp.  Length  from  one  to  two 
feet.  Eyes  very  small  and  black  ;  tins  olivaceous  brown,  the  pectorals  olivaceous,  tra- 
ptzodinl,  short,  and  with  16  rays.  Tail  with  24.  Dorsal  flu  beginning  before  tlio  ab- 
domiu:il  and  reaching  the  end  of  the  anal  flu.    Not  so  good  to  eat  as  the  Buffalo  tlHli. 

t  Diameter  ouu-fuurt>h of  theleugth;  lateral  liuo  straight;  silvery,  back  olivact-ouis 


I      EEVIEW   OP   RAFINESQUE   ON   AMERICAN  FISHES.  '"^"^'^     ^ 


seemed  to  suppose.    Of  all  the  Suckers,  it  is  the  most  readily  affected 

by  impure  water,  and  it  is  usually  to  be  found  only  in  cl^ar,  running 

streams.  ^jqs  ..u<i<r. 

"  4th  subgenus  TERETULUS.    (p.  57.) 

Of  the  species  assigned  to  this  subgenus,  three  belong  apparently  to 
Myrostoma,  three  to  Catostomus  proper,  two  to  Hypentelium,  Ave  to 
Erimyzon,  one  is  a  Cyprinoid,  and  the  last  a  myth. 

As  the  name  Teretulua  has  been  restricted  to  the  genus  typified  by 
Catostomus  aureolua  Le  S.,  it  is  best  to  consider .  it  as  a  synonym  of 
Jllyxostoma. 

teoth  species,  Black-face  Sucker,  CATOSTOMUS  M£LAlTOPSi  CatostooM 

melanopse.    (p.  57.)  •"         ^     ,      .  'ftO 


5\ 


h     r^Av^^.i.^  :  ,       Eeimyzon  sucetta  (Lac.)  Jor. 

f  Cyprinus  mcetta  Lac.  '    "    '  ' '      •  *' 

Catostomus  melanops  Kirtland. 

rtychostomus  melanops  Agassiz  and  authors. 

Erimyzon  melanops  {Ra(.)  Jordan.  .  i.^-«nC> 

Description  poor  but  unmistakable.  This  fish  has  the  air-bladder  in 
two  parts,  and  the  lateral  line  is  obsolete,  as  stated  by  Kirtland.    It  is 

liuad  lirown  above,  snout  gibbotte  rouuded ;  dorsal  fiu  hardly  falcate  with  14  rays,  auul 
aiiceoiiito  with  8  rays ;  lower  fins  yellowish.  , 

Found  below  the  falls.  Length  from  6  to  10  inches.  It  lives  in  muddy  banks  ana 
coQceals  itself  in  the  mud.  Flesh  very  soft.  Head  large,  flattened  above,  mouth  large, 
uyes  largo.  Iris  silvery.  Lateral  line  hardly  raised  at  tho  base.  Dv/fsal  fin  above  the 
abdominal,  fins  olivaceous  as  well  as  the  tail,  which  has  20  rays.  Pectorals  with  18 
riij's.    Scales  large. 

'  ISudy  elongate  cylindrical  or  somewhat  quadrangular,  9  abdominal  rays,  dorsal  fins 
I'omnionly  small,  tail  equally  forked. 

Au  extensive  subgenus,  to  which  belong  all  the  following  species  of  Le  Suenr:  C. 
aureolus,  C.  macrolepidolua,  C.  longiroslrum,  C.  vujricam,  C.  vittatus,  C.  macttlosua,  C.  ««- 
cttla,  besides  the  C.  teres  and  C.  oblongm  of  Mitchill. 

t  Diameter  one-seventh  of  the  length  ;  head  squared,  blackish  above,  snoot  convex 
obtuse;  back  olivaceous,  sides  whitish  tcith  scattered  black  dots,  a  black  spot  ou  tho  gill 
cover,  and  a  large  ouu  between  tho  dorsal  and  caudal  fins;  lateral  line  straight,  dorsal 
tin  with  14  rays,  anal  with  9  rays. 

A  Hin^'ular  species  seen  at  the  falls.  It  is  rare,  and  called  Spotted  Sucker  or  Blaok 
Sucker.  Length  from  4  to  0  inches;  body  cylindrical,  flattened  beneath  as  far  us  the 
vent.  Head  flat  above,  blackish  there  and  in  the  fore  part.  Mouth  almost  terminal 
with  thick  whitish  lips,  the  lower  one  shorter  and  thicker,  a  few  snmll  black  spots  ou 
thu  sides  of  the  head,  and  a  largo  one  ou  the  preopercule.  Qill  cover  silvery.  Eyes 
black,  iris  brown  with  a  gold  ring.  Uack  of  a  rufeacent  color  with  gold  shades.  A 
very  large  black  patch  above  the  anal  fin  before  ""^  tail.  Sides  palexcith  small  unequai 
block  dots,  belly  v.  hitish.  Fins  coppery,  the  pectoral  elliptical  elongated  with  lU  rays, 
ihu  aual  elongated  reaching  the  tail,  tho  dorsal  broad  and  opposed  to  the  abdominaL 
Tail  with  20  rays.    Scales  rather  large  ncrvose  radiated. 


W  r    '•  ',''1 


,   '  '  -' 


36      COSTEIBUTIONS   TO  NORTH   AMERICAN   ICnTHYOLOGY — I. 


I 


m 


L 


therefore  an  Erimyzon  and  not  a  '^'•Ptychostomns".  Botb  E.  ohlon'gus 
and  E.  melanopa  abound  in  the  lakes  as  well  as  in  the  Ohio.  They  are 
much  more  tenacious  of  life  than  the  other  Suckers.  The  description  of 
Cyprinus  sucetta  Lac^p^de  {Caiostomus  suceti  O.  &  V.)  seems  to  refer  to 
this  species.  I  therefore  have  adopted  the  prior  name  sucetta  iu  prefer- 
ence to  that  of  melanops. 

^  The  "  lateral  line "  alluded  to  by  Ea&nesqne  here,  as  in  numerous 
other  instances,  is  merely  a  lateral  streak  along  the  rows  of  scales,  either 
due  to  longitudinal  furrows  or  else  to  peculiarities  of  coloration.  ■       "'■' 

"Gist   species,  Black-back  Sncker,  CATOSTOMUS  MELANOTUS,  Ca- 
tostome  melanote.    (p.  58.) 
gidlr 


■■•■ft>" 


abxmy 


?  Campostoma  anomalum  (Raf.)  Ag. 


<fi 


The  "nine  dorsal  rays" indicates  a  Cyprinoid,  and  the  only  species 
found  at  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio  which  at  all  answers  this  descrii)tion  me 
the  Nocomis  biguttatus  and  Campostoma  anomalum^  It  is  best  to  iden- 
tify it  with  the  latter,  and  thus  to  avoid  a  change  of  names.  <: 'eO 

I62d  species,  Rough- head  Sucker,  CATOSTOMUS  FA3CIOLARIS,  Ca- 
tostome  fascie.    (p.  58.) 

.Stab  w  Erimyzon  oblokgus  (Mitch.)  Jor.  » -'^  a 

Moxostoma  oblongum  {Mitch.)  As^.  -^sji'fK. 

Description  indifferent,  "from  a  drawing  by  Mr.  Audubon".  The 
tuberculated  snout  indicates  a  spring  male  of  oblongus,  rather  than  hi- 
gricans,  to  which  Professor  Agassiz  refers  Ilafinesque's  description. 

•  Diameter  one-sixth  of  the  length ;  bluish  black  above,  whitish  beneath ;  head  cou- 
Tex,  snout  obtuse ;  lateral  line  straigV.t;  dorsal  and  anal  (ins  with  nine  rays. 

Seen  only  once  at  the  falls.  Length  6  inches,  body  nearly  cylindrical.  Jlonfh 
rather  inferior,  lips  thick  and  scniewhat  gristly.  Iris  silvery.  Scales  pretty  lai^o 
Fins  whitish,  the  dorsal  and  caudal  a  little  reddish.  Pectoral  fins  elliptical  with  1(> 
rays.  Tail  20.  Dorsal  fin  trapezoidal,  opposed  to  the  ahdoniinul,  the  iirst  ray  shorter. 
Anal  elliptical  obtuse     Vulgar  names,  Black  Sncker  and  Blue  Sucker. 

tDiameter  one-sixth  of  the  length;  brown  above,  white  beneath,  sides  witli  small 
transversal  black  lines;  head  sloping,  tuberculated  above,  snout  obtuse;  dorsal  iiu 
longitudinal  reaching  the  end  of  the  anal  tin,  lateral  line  straight. 

I  have  not  seen  this  upecies,  but  describe  it  from  a  drawing  of  Mr.  Andubon.  It  is 
found  ir  tho  lower  part  of  the  Ohio.  Vulgarnames:  Rough-head  Sucker,  Pike-Suiker, 
Striped  Sucker.  Length  about  eight  inches,  body  cylindrical  tapering  beiiiud.  Eyes 
small,  mouth  beneath.  Lower  .Ins  trapezoidal,  about  twenty  transversal  lines.  A 
doubtful  species,  perhaps  an  Hijdrargyrut,  but  the  mouth  is  like  that  of  the  Sucker. 


BEVIEW   OP   RAFINESQUE   ON   AMERICAN   PISHES. 


37 


'63d  species,  Red-tail  Sucker,  CATOSTOMUS  ERTTURURXJS,  Catos- 
tome  rougequeue.    (p.  59.)  oar> 

Myxostoma  duquesnii  (Le  S.)  Jor.  ,,.,jj 

?  Cato3tomus  duquesnei  Le  Sueur.  ,^ 

Pti/chostomm  erythrurus  (Eaf.)  Cope. 
PtijchostomuH  duquesnei  (Le  S.)  Ag. 

Descriptiou  uot  very  good.  The  coinmon  "  Red-Horse"  of  the  Ohio 
is  certainly  Le  Sueur's  duquesnei.  Professor  Cope  recognizes  Eatines- 
qiie's  species  as  distinct,  but  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to  separate  it. 

t64th  species,  Kentucky  Sucker,  CATOSTOMUS  FLEXUOSUS,  Catos- 
tome  flezueuz.    (p.  59.)  .^...v 

CATOSTOMUS  TERES  (Mitch.)  Le  S. 

Description  fair.    Professor  Agassiz  is  certainly  wrong  in  referring  this 

species  to  the  Cat.  nigricans  of  Le  Sueur.    The  description  accords 

better  with  Cat  teres,  and  the  statements  with  regard  to  the  habits 

and  common  name  point  very  strongly  to  this  species,  which  is  still 

known  everywhere  in  Kentucky  as  the  "Sucker". 

t65th  species,    Big-mouth   Sucker,    CATOSTOMTTS  ?  MEOASTOMUS 
Catostome  megeistome.     (p.  59.) 
A  myth. 

'Diameter  one-flftU  of  the  length  :  rufous  hrowu  above,  white  beneath:  tail  oliva- 
ceous: head  couvex,  snout  rounded :  lateral  line  straight:  dorsal  fin  trapezoidal,  red- 
dish with  12  rays:  anal  flu  elongated,  yellow,  anal  falcated,  with  7  rays. 

A  iine  species,  not  uncommon  in  the  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Cumberland,  Tennessee,  «fec. 
Vulgar  names:  Red-horse,  Red-tail,  Horse-fish,  Horse-Suckers,  &c.  Length  about 
(me  foot.  Scales  very  large.  Month  beneath.  Iris  whitish,  eyes  black.  Pectoral  fins 
yellow,  elliptical,  reaching  the  abdominals,  and  with  16  rays.  Tail  large  with  20  rays. 
Its  flesh  is  dry  and  not  very  good  to  eat. 

t  Diameter  oue-fifth  of  the  length  ;  silvery,  hack  brownish,  scales  rather  rough,  oper- 
culo  flexnoso;  head  stjuared,  snout  gibbose  truncate;  lips  very  thick,  the  inferior 
liilcibed  ;  lateral  line  flexnoso  ;  tail  brown  ;  dorsal  fin  blackish  with  12  rays,  anal  fin 
whitish  with  7  rays  aud  reaching  the  t  .il. 

The  most  common  species,  in  Kentucky,  in  all  the  streams  and  ponds,  called  merely  Sucker. 
Very  good  to  eat.  It  conceals  itself  in  the  mud  in  winter.  It  bites  at  the  hook,  liv- 
ing on  minnies  and  little  lobsters.  Body  thick  cylindrical.  From  10  to  12  inches 
li)iig.  Head  large,  a  deep  depression  between  the  snout  and  the  head,  mouth  large 
with  fleshy  IJps.  Eyes  large,  black,  iris  yellow.  Opercule  hard  bony.  Lower  flus 
w  bitish,  pectorals  elongated  elliptical  with  20  rays.  Tail  20  rays.  Dorsal  trapezoidal, 
sloping  behind.    This  fish  is  the  most  useful  to  keep  in  ponds. 

{ Diameter  one-fifth  of  the  length ;  blackish  above,  yellowish  beneath,  very  broad ; 
a  spine  at  the  base  of  the  pectoral  fins ;  lateral  line  straight. 

A  very  doubtful  species  seen  by  Mr.  Audubon.  It  comes  sometimes  in  shoals  in  March, 
and  soon  disappears.  Only  taken  with  the  seine,  not  biting  at  the  hook  ;  vulgar  name, 
lirown  Sucker.  The  mouth  is  very  remarkable,  being  broader  than  the  head,  somewhat 
projecting  on  the  sides ;  length  one  foot.  The  head  resembles  that  of  a  Cat-fish,  but 
has  no  barbs.  Is  it  a  peculiar  genus  owing  to  the  mouth  aud  pectoral  spine f  It  might 
be  called  Eurystomus.  The  yellow  color  covers  the  forehead  and  reaches  to  the  anal  Co. 
Dorsal  opposed  to  the  abdominal  and  tra[>ezoida1.  pectorals  elliptical,  yellow. 


I 


''if 

•  J'.fi 


i; 


i-a. 


1 

mii. 

W 

w' 

'^ 

Mr  _ 

%!•  , 

H^i 

1^.-, 

1 

*  t 


38      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — ^I. 

*  5th  »ubgenu8,  DBCACTTLUS.    (p'.  60.)  .j^. 

Ceth  species,  Pittsburgh  Sucker,  CAT03T0MUS  DUQUESNI,  Catoatoi^e 
duquesne.    (p.  60.) 


.•7iY3i^   oi)oit«' 


Myxostoma  duquesnii  (Le  8.)  Jor. 


■ifif 


67th  species,  Long   Sucker,    CATOSTOMTTS   ELONOATX7S,  Catostome 
•longe.    (p.  60.) 
i    .  Cyolkptus  elongatus  (Le  S.)  Ag. 


yp . 


XXI.  Genus,  SUCKREL,  CTCLEPTUS,  Cyclepte.    (p.  Gl.) 


68th  species.   Black  Suckrel,    CTCLBPTXTS    NIGRESCENS,    Cyclepte 
noiratre.    (p.  61.) 

Cycleptus  elongatus  (Lo  S.)  Ag. 

y  (;,■  ■ 

;    A  very  poor  description,  "on  the  authority  of  Mr.  Bollman,  of  Pitts- 
burgh". 

tXXII.  OrenuB,  CATFISH.  PIMELODUS,  Pimelode.    (p.  61.) 

Subgenus,  ICTALURUS.    (p.  61.) 

lb^  section.  ELLIOPS.    (p.  62.) 

Tail  forked.    Eyes  elUptical.    Abdominal  fins  with  less  than  nine 
rays. 

69th   species.  Spotted    Catfish,    PIMELODUS   MACULATX7S,  Pimelode 
taobete.    (p.  62.) 

ICHTHJELUEUS  PUNCTATUS  (Eaf.)  Jor. 

Siluru8  punctatus  Eaf.,  1818. 

70th   specie.?,     Slue    Catfish,    PIMELODUS    CERULE3CEN3,    Pimelode 
bleuatre.    (p.  t^3) 

lOHTH^LURUS  PUNCTATUS  (Raf.)  Jof. 


•  Body  nearly  cylindrical,  abdominal  fins  with  10  ray8 ;  ta'l  equally  forked. 
'     Besides  the  two  following  species,  the  C.  boatoniensia  and  C.  hitdaoniiia  must  be  enu- 
merated hero. 

t  Body  BcalelesB,  elongated.  Head  large,  with  barbs.  Two  dorsal  fins,  the  second 
adipose  and  separated  from  the  tail,  the  first  short  and  commoaly  armed.  Pectoral  (ins 
oommonly  armed.    Teeth  like  a  file.    Vent  commonly  posterior. 

The  extensive  genus  Silurm  of  Linnieus,  which  is  scattered  throughout  the  rivers  of 
both  continents,  has  not  yet  been  completely  illustrated,  notwithstanding  the  Liborn  of 
the  modern  ichthyologists.  I  have  found  in  the  Ohio  about  twelve  species  belonging 
to  it,  most  of  which  offer  consimilar  character,  and  appear  to  belong  to  the  genus  Pt- 
melodua  of  Lac^pMe  and  Cuvier,  which  have  left  the  name  of  Silunia  to  the  species 
having  one  dorsal  fin.  I  have  already  published  a  monography  of  them  in  the  Journ.il 
of  the  Royal  Institution  of  London,  under  the  generic  name  of  Silurns.  I  now  pro- 
pose to  form  with  them  a  peculiar  aiibgenna,  divided  in  many  sections,  and  different 
from  the  Bubgeuora  Bagrua,  Sgnodontua,  Siluaox,  &e. 


l\ 


BEVIEW   OF   RAFINESQUE   ON   AMERICAN   FISHES. 


39 


71st  species,  White  Catfish,  PIMBLODUS  PALLIDUS,  Pimclode  pala. 
(p.(J3.) 

ICHTH^LUBUS  PUNCTATUS  (Raf.)  JoF.       " 


■if. 


72d  species,  Silvery  Catfish,  PIMELODUS  ARGTRUS,  Pimelodo  argyre. 
(p.  64.) 

ICHTH-ELUEUS  PUNCTATUS  (Raf.)  Jor. 

2d  section,  LEPTOPS.    (p.  64.) 
Tail  bilobed.    Eyes  round  and  small.    Nine  abdominal  rays.    Vent 
posterior.    Adipose,  fin  large. 

73d  species,  Clammy  Catfish,  PIMELODUS  VISCOSUS,  Pimelode  vis- 
queoz.    (p.  64.) 

PELODicnxHYS  OLivARis  (Raf.)  Gill  &  Jor. 

Jaws  nearly  equal,  barbs  very  short,  eyes  round,  over  the  head.  Body 
entirely  brown,  lateral  line  raised  upwards  before.  Pectoral  fins  with 
1  and  7  rays,  anal  fin  rounded  with  15  rays.  Tail  unequally  bilobed  and 
black,  upper  lobo  smaller  and  white. 

75th  species.  Clouded  Catfish,  PIMELODUS  NEBUL03U3,  Pimelode  neba- 

leuz.    (p.  64.) 

Pelodichthys  OLIVARIS  (Raf.)  Gill  &  Jor. 

This  species  is  made  to  form  a  "peculiar  section  or  even  subgenus", 
termed  Opladelua. 

2d  sectioii,.AMEIURUS.    (p.  65.)  ,, 

Tail  entire.  Eyes  round.  Eight  abdominal  rays.  Vent  posterior. 
Dorsal  fin  anterior  with  a  spine.  Lower  jaw  not  longer.  Pectoral  fins 
with  one  simple  spine  and  seven  rays. 

75th  species,  Tellow  Catfish,  PIMELODUS  CUPREUS,  Pimelode  cuivre. 

(p.  65.) 

Amiubus  lividus  CUPREUS  (Raf.)  Jor. 

*76th  species,   Brown  Catfish,  PIMELODUS  LIVIDUS,  Pimelode  livide. 

(p.  05.) 

Amiurus  LIVIDUS  (Raf.)  Jor. 
Amhirus  catuH  (Grd.)  Gill.     (Not  Silurus  catus  L.) 

*Jaws  equal,  barbs  uearly  equal  tOKuiher  r.iid  as  loujj  as  the  licad.     E.vos  roiiud. 
Body  entirely  of  a  livid-brown  color.    Tail  rounded  eniirc.    Lateral  lino  raiued  ui»- 
wards  at  tb«  baso.    Anal  fin  elongate  with  2rj  rays. 
Silurus  Uddus,  Monogr.  sp.  7. 

A  small  species,  entirely  of  a  leaden  brown.  Iload  short,  slightly  olivaceons ;  throat 
pale.  Darba  equal,  the  upper  ones  livid,  the  lower  ones  rufous.  A  furrow  on  the  hi-ad 
which  is  convex  above.    Operculum  flexuose.    Tail  with  24  rays.    Dorsal  with  1  auil 

7.   Spines  short.  J 

..aiTTT 


i! 


40      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH  AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
4  *  77th  species,  Black  Catfish,  PIMBLODUS  MELAS,  Fimelods  uoir.   (p.  G6.) 

Amiueus  MELAS  (Eaf.)  Jordan. 
Amiurua  oheaus  Qi'iW.        .vuvotviyi  „.,    .  ,xxi 


I 


t  78th  species,  Tellow-Head  Catfish,  PIMELODUS  XANTHOCEPH^LUS, 
Pimelode  xanthocephale.    (p.  68.) 


.  !■■( 


It'-      ■-. 


^^j ,-,  Amiurus  xANxnocEPnALUs  (Raf.).Gill. 
4th  section,  ILICTIS.    (p.  66.) 


Tail  entire,  eyes  elliptical.  Nine  abdominal  rays.  Dorsal  tins  sub- 
uicdial.  Pectoral  fins  with  one  flat  spine  serrated  outwards  and  nine 
rays.    Lower  jaw  longer. 

79th  species,  Mud-Catfish,  PIMELODU3  LIM0SU3,  Pimelode  bourbeux. 
(p.GC.) 

PELGDICHTnYS  OLIVARIS  (Raf.)  Gill  &  Jor. 
..  tXXnr  Genus,  MUDCAT,  PILODICTIS,  Pylodicte.    (p.  «7.) 


PVLODICTISRaf..  1.S19. 
Opladklus  Kaf.,  ISL'O. 

IJOPLADELUS  Gill,   IHOl. 

Pelodicutiiys  Gill  &  Joalan,  1877. 


,.»  n  ■'■*• 


.  *Jaw'H  iittitrly  oqiml.    Eyt^s  round.    liurbs  un«-i|nul,  sliortur  thun  tlie  hbuil.    Hotly 
entirely  bluik,  luterul  lino  Htrui^ht.    Aoal  liii  with  '^U  rayu.    Tail  ueurly  truucutu, 
Kill  ire. 
iSiluruH  mclan,  Monoj;. .  sp.  H. 

A  rani  Hpo(!i"s  ichh  tliun  afoot  long.  IIur»ily  i»ulo  biMiealh.  Dorsal  liii  1  iiiul  *■ 
Found  bolow  tlio  fallH. 

t  UpiK'r  jaw  h)nnt'r.    Ilurbs  >incqufti,Hhort«'r  f  luin  tlioliond.     Kyt's  round.     3Jo<ljir<>ii 
KHiy,  with  tbo  wliolo  or  part  of  Iho  brad  yoliow.     lii-liy  white.     Lateral  lino  «tniiKlit. 
Anal  tin  with  '^i  ravt*.    Tail  t^ntirttly  truncate. 
iSiluruii  :>ttntho('e}ilialnii,tiihnutgT.  Hp.  10. 

About  a  foot  long.  In  the  Ohio,  Kuutucky,  He.  Ilt-od  viiy  lar^e,  often  entirt'ly 
yellow,  or  only  I'orwaitl,  or  eovered  with  yellow  putchcH.  Iris  white.  Fins  lli'sli/ 
ri'ddiHli.    The  dorsal  with  1  and  (>  rayw,  caudal  '24.    (iood  food. 

{  Hody  BculcloKi,  conical,  lluftciifd  forwards  and  cunpreuHcd  behind.  Head  very 
bn>ad  ana  tiat,  with  baibH,  eyeu  above  the  head.  Two  UutHul  liuH,  both  with  Hufl  raytt. 
Vent  posterior. 

TliiHKenuH  was  the  lOtli  of  my  Pral.  of  70  N.  0.  of  auinials.  Tho  name  means 
MudltHh.    It  d.tFerB  principally  Irom  the  foregoing  by  the  Bccund  dursa'  having  nijs. 


! 


(—  EEVIEV/   OF   EAFINESQUE   ON   AMERICAN    FISHES. 


41 


^80lh  species,  Toad  Mudcat,  PYLODICTIS  LIMOSUS,  FyJodiote  bour- 
beux.    (p.  67.) 

Pelodichthys  olivakis  (Raf.)  G.  &  J. 

t  XXIV.  Genua,  BACKTAIL,  NOTURUS,  Noture.    (p.  67.) 

iSlst  species,  Telle w  Oacktail,  NOTURUS  FLAVUS,  Noture  jaune.    (p.  G8. 

NOTURUS  FLAVUS  Raf.  , 

XXV.  Genus,  TOTBR,  HYPBNTPLIIiM,  Hypentele.    (p.  68.) 

82d  spsLies,  Ohio  Totsr,  HYPxiNTBLIUM  MACROPTERUM,  Hypentele 
macroptere.    (p.  68.) 

liYPENTELIUM  NIGRICANS   (Le  SuCUr.)  JOF.  * 

Catostomtis  nigricans  he  Sae.uv  (young).  v^^v 

Ihjlomyzon  nigricans  (Le  S.)  Ag.  ,,  *,,.  i     iti    ,  ,>K«*r.*  ,'^     jsijvygi 

Ibjpentelium  nigricans  (L\i  ^.)  JovAavi.  ,  ./^. ,,.(/!  , 

Description  very  good.  If  Catostomns  nigricans  be  considered  generi- 
caiiy  distinct  from  C.  hudsonius,  we  have  no  alternative  but  to  substi- 
tate  Eypentclium  for  Iltflomyzon  of  later  date. 

•  Lower  jaw  longer,  eyes  round,  eight  barbs,  four  above  iiiid  four  bf'low.  lleiul  vpr- 
riicoso  above.  Body  brown,  clouded,  and  dotted  with  yellowish,  reddiwl.,  and  bliiiHb  ; 
(IIU1  row  of  trannvorsul  black  linoH  ou  each  side  of  tbo  back.  No  lateral  liuu.  Tuil  en- 
tire and  trnnrate. 

I  Iiuvu  not  Heen  tbiH  (IhTi,  T)nt(l(>Rcril>e  it  from  a  drawing  of  Mr.  An(''u1)on.  It  Ih  found 
in  tlie  lower  part  of  the  Ohio  and  in  the  Mississippi,  where  it  lives  on  muddy  Itottonis, 
mill  buries  itself  in  the  mud  in  the  winter.  It  reaches  Bonietinws  the  weight  of  iiO 
pounds.  It  beam  the  name  of  Mndcat,  Mndtlsh,  Mud  Sucker,  atid  Toadflsh.  It  is 
p)od  to  cut,  a!id  bites  nt  tlio  hook.  Tlie  bead  is  broader  than  the  body,  and  witli  a 
very  large  month  ;  the  bnrbs  appear  to  lie  in  four  pairs,  two  above,  longer  and  near 
llif  nostrils,  an('  two  smaller  nnder  the  lower  jaw.  The  liist  doisal  tins  triangular 
iM'.ii  ii'itove  the  abdominals,  which  are  nearer  the  pectorals  than  tc.  the  ainil.  Sccoi..! 
(■Intiiriite  willi  many  rays.    Number  of  rays  unnoticed. 

tDlti'crenco  from  (»,  I'imiliKlnii,  S.  <!.  Iclalurun,  and  sect.  .tmciuriiH :  Adipose  dorHnI  (ft! 
Very  lung,  decurrent,  and  nnited  with  the  tail,  which  is  dccui rent  on  each  side,  but 
iin('>iin.>'ctc(1  with  tlut  anal  tin, 

(icnns  iHthof  the  I'rodr.  N.  (I.  It  difl'crs  from  the  genus  VhtoHm  of  Laci^piilc  by 
liaviiig  the  aiuil  tin  free,  und  from  I'imclodiiH  by  the  connection  of  the  tail  with  the 
»i'C(iiul  dorsal  I'm.  The  name  means  "tuil  over  the  buck".  The  i>'ilu>ti»  gyriuiio  of 
Mitcliiji  nnist  belong  to  this  genus. 

(Entirely  yullowisli.  Upper  Jaw  longer,  baibs  lialf  the  Itngth  of  llie  head.  Kyrs 
Winid.     Lateri,!  line  nearly  (itraight.     Anal   tinwifli    If  rays.    Tail  cntiicly  truncate. 

A  Hini!ll  species,  very  conimmi  near  the  falls.  Length  4  to  12  inches.  Itagncslii 
■Itiiost  evf  "yt  tii"K  with  the  seetloti  AmtiHrun  among  the  Ctttflsheii,  Vulgar  name  Yel- 
low .'afflsh,  like  the  Pimilodaii  vuprfiiK.  Dorsal  llii  with  1  and  7  rays,  rounded  spine 
vcy  MJiort  .tnd  obtuse.  Second  dorsal  beginning  ocfore  the  anal  and  •  ■  tending  to  the 
tail  in  n  curve.  All  the  lower  llns  rounded.  PiH-toruls  with  1  and  7  .,  s,  spine  ecpial 
.Mill  acute.  AlHloi'dnul  fln»  whli  H  rays.  All  the  tins  fleshy  and  fat.  Head  flat  above. 
Iluibs  uut-(|ual,     Uclly  coiiv«)S.     Hind  |turl  uf  the  body  cutnpreiMed. 


t  >>■>,"%  I 


f:, 


•       '  -rV-  J  I 


t»'. 


II 


42      CONTEIBUTIONS   TO   NOETEI   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I, 

'  ZXVI.  Genua,  RIBBON-FISH,  SARCHIRnS,,Sarchire.    (p.  69.)     ^' 

83d  species,  Ohio  Ribbon-Fish,  SARCHIRUS  VITTATUS,  Sarohire  rubanne. 

(p.69.)  -■'     :> 

Lcpidosteus  sp.  (youug).  yji  ailsorf'^ 

Descriptiou  inaccurate.  j  ;   .cngi 

"  XXVII.  Genus,  PIKB,  BSOX,  Brochet.   (p.  70.) 
1 84th  species.  Streaked  Pike,  ESOX  VITTATUS,  Brochet  raye.    (p.  7^.) 
Thus  far  unrecognized.  ,    ,:i 

1 8Sth  speoiea,  Sa'mon-Pike,  ESOX  SALMONBUS,  Brochet  saumouue.   (p.  71.) 

EsOX  »ALMONEUS  Rat". 

t  Esox  umhroHus  Kirtland.  ;|ti  ;    i 

Description  probably  second  band  and  not  vt'y  gf    '     It  is  probably 

Esox  timbrosus,  wbicb  species  abounds  iu  the  b..jCt..  oi  the  Ohio,  but 

•  Body  cylindrical  or  vory  loug,  covered  with  small  Hcales,  vent  posterior.  One  dor- 
sal tiu  behind  the  abdominal  iins.  Month  large,  jiiws  long  and  Hattened,  with  vury 
strong  teeth  ;  opeuingoftlie  gills  very  large.  Head  bony,  sculelcss.  Tail  not  obliqual. 
All  the  fins  vrith  rays. 

There  are  several  species  of  Pikes  in  the  Ohio,  Mississippi,  Wabash,  K„'ntncliy,  &c. 
I  have  not  yet  been  able  to  observe  theiu  thoroughly.  I  have,  however,  prociirud  cor- 
rect accounts  and  tigures  of  two  species ;  but  there  are  more.  They  appear  o  beloog 
to  a  peculiar  subgenus  distinguished  by  a  xoug  dorsal  fin,  a  forked  tail,  and  the  ub.lom- 
inal  fins  anterior,  being  removed  from  the  veut.  It  may  be  called /'icon //ns.  The 
French  settlers  of  the  Wabash  and  Missouri  call  them  i'icv;»fatt,  and  the  Aiiiericau 
settlers  I'ikea  or  Pickerels.  They  are  permaneut  but  rare  fishes,  retiring,  liowijver,  in 
deep  waters  in  winter.  They  prefer  the  large  streams,  are  very  voracious,  and  grow 
to  a  large  size.  They  prey  on  all  the  other  fishes  except  the  Gar-fisLes,  &c.  They  are 
ifosily  taken  with  the  hook,  and  atl'ord  a  very  g(Mid  food,  haviiig  a  delicur     '  m],. 

t  White,  with  two  blackish  longitudinal  streaks  pn  each  side,  back  b'  ui  li ;  Jaws 
nearly  equal,  vory  obtuse,  eyes  large  and  behind  the  mouth;  dorsal  ^1c  >  u:diual 
between  the  abdominal  and  anal  fins ;  tail  forked. 

E.viltaluit.    Kaf.  in  American  Monthly  Miigaziue  1HI8,  volume  3,  page  447. 

This  fi^h  is  rare  iu  the  Ohio  (although  it  has  been  seen  at  Pittsburgh),  but  more 
common  in  the  Wabash  and  Upper  MisNissippi.  It  is  culled  rUvnmu  or  Picamau  hy 
the  Canadiaus  and  Missoiirians.  It  ;'eacljert  the  length  of  from  three  to  live  feet.  Tliu 
pectoral  and  alxlmniiial  fins  are  tiupezoidnl,  the  anal  and  dorsal  loiigitudiuul  wiili 
iiiuny  rays  and  nearly  eiiuul.  It  is  sometimes  culled  Jack  or  Jatkllsli.  Lateial  liiiu 
utraight. 

t  IVhilt;  with  many  narrow  iran$vcr»al  brown  bands,  somewhat  vurvrd ;  Jaw  m  nearly  iqnal, 
wry  obtime ;  dorsal  fins  brown,  lungitndinul  and  exteuiliug  over  llio  anul  tins;  tail 
forked  and  brown. 

It  is  ouo  of  the  best  fl.shes  iu  llie  Ohio;  its  flesh  la  very  delicate,  p»  u  livides  easily, 
as  in  ISalmon,  into  large  plates  as  whiiu  us  snow.  It  is  called  Halm,  ii  Pike,  Wliitv 
I'ike,  White  Jiick  or  While  Pickerel,  and  I'ivanrcu  bionv  by  the  MiHsiiuriiuiH.  Ilhnna 
xhort  and  thuk  hmd,  vyv»  not  very  large,  unci  situated  U[iW!irds.  Peetortil  an<l  iiliilnm- 
iual  litis  lrapezoii!al.  Dorsal  II u  beginiiiug  behind  these;  last  and  extending  over  dm 
anul.  'Jho  nuiuber  of  tiain^versal  badtis  u.  twelve  or  more,  ralher  distant,  ami  wiili 
(he  concavity  luwuttlit  the  head.  It  reachea  Ihu  l'<uglli  of  5  feet.  Lulerul  line  iit-nily 
•truight. 


REVIEW   OF  RAFINESQUE   ON   AlfERICAN    FISHES. 


48 


the  Gtatement  tbat  it  "reaches  the  length  of  5  feet"  renders  the  identi- 
iicatioQ  doubtful.  I  have  never  seen  it  more  than  a  foot  long.  The 
uame  Picorellua  may  be  retained  for  the  section  of  Esox,  which  has  the 
cheeks  and  opercles  entirely  scaly,  if  a  subgeneric  uame  for  that  group 
is  considered  desirable. 

ZXVni.  GkiauB,  QARFI3H,  IiEPISOSTBUS,  Lepisoste.     (l>.71.) 

iBt  Babgenus,  CYLIITDROSTEXTS.    (p.  72.) 

86th  species,  Duck-BUl    Oarfisn,  LEPia03T£US  PLATOETTOMUS,  Lepi- 
MBte  platoatome.    (p.  72.) 

Lepidosteus  platystomus  Kaf. 
Description  fair. 

87th  speoiea,  White  Qarfish,  LEPiaOSTEUS  ALBU3,  Lepisoste   blanc. 

(p.  73.) 

Probably  same  as  preceding. 

88th  species,  Ohio   Garfish,  LEPISOSTB  OXYUUnS,  Lepisoste  ozyure. 

(p.  73.) 

Lepidosteus  osseus  (L.)  Ag.  (probably). 

89th  species,  Long-Bill  Garfish,  LEPISOSTBUS  LONGIROSTRI3,  Lepi- 
aoBte  longirostre.    (p.  U.) 

Lepidosteus  osseus  (L.)  Ag.   ^      ^'   - 

2d  subgenus,  ATRACTOSTEUS.    (p.  75.^ 

Airacto8teu8  Grd.  am\  ixttthors. 

Lithulepuf  Kaf.     Am.  Mouthl.  Mag.  1818,  III,  447. 

90th  species,  Alligator-Garfish,  LEPISOSTEUS  FEROX,  Lepisoste  ferooe. 

(p.  75.)  -SMJ 

LiTHOLEPis  SPATULA  (Lac<5p.)  Jor. 

Atractosteuft  ferox  (Kaf.)  Ord. 

Litholepis  adamantinus  Ilaf.  •  ,,|j 

Description  pretty  good.  The  generic  name  Litholepis,  having  two 
jeait,'  priority,  must  supersede  AtractoNteua.  The  speciUc  name  spatula 
(Luft'|)6di')  antedates  botli  adnmuntiims  nnilfirox. 

'  XXIX.  Genus.  DIAMOND-FISH,  LITHOLEPIS,  Litholepe.    (p.  70.) 

'  llixly  fiiHifoitn,  covfij-d  with  hard,  t}ovy  pcLtai^ilrni  hcuIid,  vent  iicurly  inwlml. 
AlHloiniiiiil  till  iit*ur  tiiH  vent.  One  dftrf'al  Jin  vpftimte  (hit  anal,  llciiil  tionii,  frulilrnH, 
tiriiliiidid  anteriorly  in  u  Idn^i  Hiioiit ;  month  Iwiicutli  tli<<  lii-ail ;  jawn  vol  ilon'ialnl,  nilli 
iiroiKj  unrqual  tetlh.  Opi-uiug  uf  the  gllla  very  lurgo.  Tuii  uot  obllquui.  All  thu  lius 
with  rayu. 

A  very  HinjTular  Renun,  which  conuw  vi-ry  ni-ttr  to  the  \ant  g^nnn,  lint  •lifPiTH  liy  tlio 
•iioiit,  mouth,  tail,  ncuIhh,  d^o,  It  uiubt  buluug,  Uuwever,  to  tho  suuio  family,  ihe 
Bauiit  luesus  Stony  Scalet, 


rytS.M.  . 


44      CONTRIBUTIONS    TO  NORTH  iMERICAN   ICHTHVOLCGY — I. 


M 


m 


*  91st  species,  Devil- Jack  Diamond-fisi:.    DTTZOLEPIS  ADAMANTINtTS, 
Litholepe  adamantin.    (p.  7ti.)  > 

LiTHOLEPIS  SPATULA  (Lac.)  Jor. 

Description  at  second  hand  and  erroneous  in  several  respects,  but 
unquestionably  referring  to  the  Alligatoi-Gar. 

XXX.  Genus,  EEL,  ANOniLLA,  Anguille.    (p.  77.) 

Subgenus  CONOER.    (p.  77.) 

''t  92d  species,  Broad-TaU  Eel,  ANGUILLA  LATICAUDA  Anguillo  large 
queue,    (p.  77.) 

Anguilla  vulgaris  Fleming.  -'^ 

Anguilla  hostoniensis  (Le  Sueur)  Dekay  and  of  authors. 
Anguilla  rostrata  (Le  Sueur)  Dekay(the  earliest  American  name). 

If,  as  is  claimed  by  Dareste,  there  is  but  one  species  of  Anguilla  in 
the  northern  hemisi)hero,  the  four  species  of  Rafluesque  belong  to  it. 
Murcena  rostrata  (Le  S.),  applied  to  the  eel  of  the  inland  lakes  of  New 
York,  is  the  oldest  American  name. 

93d  species,  Black  Eel,  ANGUILLA  ATERRIMA,  Anguilla  noire,    (p.  76.) 

94th  species,  7ellow-BeUy  Eel,  ANGUILLA  XANTHOMELAS,  Anguilla 
zanthomele.    (p.  78.) 

*  Snout  obtuHi;  an  lonij  as  the  head ;  head  ouu-fuurtli  of  total  leu;;tb  ;  boily  t'lisiforin 
ItlackiHh  ;  dorsal  and  anal  iina  equal  aud  wiih  niauy  rays;  tail  bilobed,  lateral  linu 
obsolete. 

Lilholcpis  adamantlnnt  Rtif.  in  American  Monthly  Magazine  1818,  vol.  3,  p.  417,  and 
in  Journal  dc  I'huHiquc  et  Hint.  Nat,  70,  N.  G.  d'Animaiix  G.  'iO. 

This  may  bo  reckoned  the  wonder  of  the  Oliio.  It  is  oniy  found  as  far  up  as  tbo 
falls,  und  probably  lives  also  iu  the  Mississippi,  I  have  seen  it,  but  only  at  a  distance, 
and  have  beetv  shown  some  of  its  singular  scales.  Wonderful  stories  are  rulatc^d  coti- 
coniinR  this  llsh,  but  I  have  principally  relied  upon  the  descripti<>u  and  llgure  ^ivi'ii 
mo  by  Mr.  Audubon.  Its  length  is  from  4  to  10  feet.  One  was  caught  which  wfi^hud 
4U0  pounds.  It  lies  sometimes  asleep  or  motionless  on  the  surface  of  the  water,  aiul 
nuiy  be  mistaken  for  a  log  or  a  snag.  It  is  impossible  to  take  it  in  any  otiicr  way 
than  with  the  seine  or  u  very  strong  hook,  the  prong",  of  the  gig  cannot  pierce  Ibn 
scales  which  are  as  hard  as  tliiit,  and  oven  proof  against  lead  bulls!  Its  flesh  i.t  not 
go(Ml  to  eat.  It  is  a  voracious  tish.  Its  vulgar  names  are  Diamond  Fish  (owing  to  its 
scales  being  ct;t  like  diamonds),  Devil  Fish,  .Jack  Fish,  Uurjack,  &o.  The  snout  is  iar;;<', 
convex  above,  very  obtuse ;  the  eyes  small  and  black ;  nostrils  smaU,  rouiul  bcfoni 
the  eyes;  mouth  beneath  the  eyes,  transversal  with  largo  angular  teeth.  Pectoral  and 
abdominal  lins  trapezoidal.  Dorsal  and  unal  tins  equal,  longitudinal,  with  many  rays. 
Tail  «»btus(ly  and  regularly  bilobed.  The  wholo  bo<ly  covered  with  large  stone  seaii's, 
lying  iu  oblique  rows  ;  they  are  conical,  pentagonal  niul  j)entacdrul,  with  e(|iial  niilcs 
fnun  half  an  inch  to  one  inch  in  diameter,  brown  at  tirst  but  becoming  of  the  color  of 
turtle  shell  when  dry.    They  strike  Are  with  steel !  and  nre  ball  proof  I 

t  One  individual  of  this  species  poisoned  once  slightly  n  whole  family,  causing 
violent  eolii'ks,  which  was  ascribed  to  its  having  been  taken  in  tho  vitriuliu  slutu  rmka 
of  Silver  Creek,  near  tho  lulls,— (  ".af.) 


KEVIEW   OP   RAFINESQTTP    '^N   AMERICAN   PISHES.  45 

95th  apeciea,  Tello^  Eel,  ANGUIIiLA  LUTBA,  Anguilla  jaune.    (p.  78.) 

XX2X  Genus,  STURGEON',  ACCIPENSER,  Eturgeon.    (p.  7G.) 

1st  subgenus,  STURIO  (5  rows  of  plates),     (p.  79.) 

96t2i  species,  Spotted  Sturgeon,  ACCIPENSER  MACT7LOS173,  Sturgeon 
taohete.    (p.  79.) 

AciPENSEU  MACULOSUS  Le  S.  and  authors. 

37tb  species,  Shovel-Fish  Sturgeon,  ACCIPENSER   PLATORHYNCHUS. 
Eturgeon  pelle.    (p.  80.) 

SCAPHIRHYKCHOPS  PLATYRHYNCHUS  (Ruf.)  Gill. 
2d  subgenus,  STERLETUS  (3  rows  of  plates),    (p.  80.) 

98tb  species,  Fall  Sturgeon,  ACCIPENSER  SEROTINUS,  Eturgeon  tardlf 

(p.  rid.) 

Thia  and  the  next  are  probably  Aclpenser  rubicundus  Le  Sueur,  but  I 
can  throw  no  new  li^ht  on  this  perplexing  subject. 

99ta  species,  Ohio  Sturgeon,  ACCIPENSER  OHIENSIS,  Eturgeon  de  I'Ohio. 

(p.  HI.) 

103th   species,    Big-Mouth    Sturgaon,    ACCIPENSER    MACR03T0MUS, 
Eturgeon  beaut,    (p.  81.) 

XXXn.  Genus,  DOUBLE-FIN,  DINECTUS,  Dinecte.     (p.  82.) 

A  sturgeon  with  "  two  dorsal  and  no  abdominal  fins". 


'fi«0 


lOlst  species,  Flat-Nose  Double-Fin,  DINECTUS  TRUNCATU3,  Dinecte 
camus.    (p.  82.) 

Description  from   a  drawing  by  Mr.  Audubon,  which  represents,  as 
suggested  by  liaQnesque,  "  only  a  sturgeon  incorrectly  drawn". 

XXXni.  Genus,  SPADE-FISH,  POLYODON,  Polyodon.    (p.  82.) 

102d  species.  Western  Snade-Fisli,  POLYODCN  FOLIUM,  Polyodon  feu)l?e. 

(p.8i.) 

Polyodon  folium  Lac<?p6de. 
Description  mainly  correct. 
**      XXXIV.  Genus,  PADDLE  FISH,  PLANIR08TRA  Planirostre. 

103d  species,  Toothless  Paddle  Fish,  PLANIR08TRA  BDBNTX7LA  Pl«ni- 
roilre  edent*.    (p.  83.) 

Polyodon  folium  Lao5pddo  (adult). 


-  I  i-  "I  if 

1    ,'i  .*  ,»" 


46      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN   ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 


I 


\-    ■! 


•  n 


1 1     ( 

I 

I. 


i\ 


XXXV.  Genus,  LAMPRBT,  PBTROM7ZON,  Lamproie.    (p.  84.) 

*  104th   species,   Black  Lamprey,    PETROM7ZON   NIORUM,  Lamproie 
noire,    (p.  H4.) 

Ammoccetes  NIGER  (Raf.)  Jor. 
Petromyzon  niger  Grd.  ^t^tu  -.ti:.-.  i . .    <,v,,<f 

Description  insufficient,  but  I  am  unable  to  find  that  the  cotutnoa 
little  Black  Lamprey  of  the  West  has  received  any  other  name. 

']''''  SUPPLEMENT,     (p.  85.)  ^r - 

t  XXXVL  aenus,  SPRING-FISH,  PEGEDICTIS,  Pegedicte.    (p.  85.) 
ExnEOSTOJiA  Raf.    Gill  &  Jordan  emend. 
Oato:<otus  Agassiz.  . ,  '   '^* 

X  103th  species,  Cat's-Eye  Spring-Fish,  PEGEDICTIS  IGTALOPS,  Pegedicte 
ceuil  de  chat.    (p.  85.)  ,^  -       ,     ,'  ^^   ,...^,., 

Etheostoma  flabellaeis  Raf. 
Deacriptiou  indifferent.    The  characters  indicate  a  species  of  Darter, 
and  the  eight  dorsal  spines  point  to  the  jlahelUiris. 

6th  genuii,  ETHEOSTOMA.    (p.H!>.) 


v.'-iU'; 


■'i.  ">::*:'"■. 


106th  species,  Springs  Hogfish,  ETHEOSTOMA  FONTINALIS,  Etheoatome 
des  fontaines.    (p.  86.) 

ExnEGSTOMA.  FLABELLAEIS  Raf. 

Description  very  good. 

*  Euiirely  bluckiab,  tail  uvul  acute,  Htiouud  dortiul  uvur  the  veut,  severbl  ruwn  uf 
teeth.  "^ 

A  very  small  species,  from  4  to  5  inches  long;  !t  is  fbnnd  as  high  as  Pittsburgh.  Dor- 
hhI  liim  shallow,  and  distaut  from  each  other  and  the  tail.  Eyes  round  and  l!ir<;f. 
DruncLial  holes  small.  No  lateral  line.  Mouth  ovul,  tcetli  white  and  yellow.  It  tur- 
nieiits  Hoiuetimes  the  Biiilalo-flsb  and  Sturgeons  upon  which  it  fastens  itself.  It  Ih 
uever  found  in  sufficient  quantity  to  bo  used  as  foo  1. 

tBody  conical,  with  nnxall  scales,  belly  flat,  vent  medial.  Head  broad,  scaleless.  gill 
covered  with  a  niciil  lacoous  appendage  and  a  concealed  spine,  mouth  toothed.  Twu 
dontal  tins,  the  first  v/itb  simple,  soft,  semi-spiucscent  rays.  Thoracic  lius  with  live 
rays. 

This  new  genus  belongs  to  the  family  Percidia  and  has  many  affinities  with  the  G. 
Jlolocrntrus,  Ijcpomia,  Etheostoma,  <fc.,  but  its  conical  form  and  many  other  secondary 
I»eculiarities  distinguish  it  completely.     The  name  means  Fountain-fish. 

t  Juws  equal,  forehead  knoliby,  o.yes  elliptiual.  Body  olivaceous  with  some  hlack  troM- 
versal  imeqiial  brown  hands;  a  conceiilod  spine  on  the  gill  cover  ;  lateral  line  htruight; 
tail  elliptical.  The  tiist  dorsal  tin  with  8  rays,  the  second  uiih  12,  as  well  as  tlie  unal 
und  pectoral  flns. 

I  have  discovered  this  specica  in  the  summer  of  18*20  near  Lexington.  It  linn  no 
vulgar  name.  Length  hardly  2  inches.  Head  large,  brown,  convex  above,  withwv- 
eral  small  knobs  ou  the  forehead,  flat  beneath.  Eyes  as  in  the  Caiflshes  with  (;l)lon|{ 
•yea,  ills  gilt  brown.  Spiuu  of  the  gill  cover  concealed  under  the  skiu.  Te<>th  small 
and  acute.  Pectoral  fins  large  lanceolate.  Belly  white  and  flat.  Fins  hyaliu  with  some 
brown  spots*    ilvo  trauHVoi-sal  bauds.    The  specitio  uaoie  nieaas  oat's  eye. 


EEVIEr   OF    RAPINESQUE    ON   AMERICAN   FISHES. 


47) 


17th  genus,  SEMOTILUS.    (p.  86.) 

*  107th  species,  SUver-Spotted  Chubby,  SEMOTILUS  ?  NOTATUS,  8c- 
motile  tache.    (p.  86.) 

ZVGONECTES  NOTATUS  (Raf.)  Jor. 

Zygonectes  olivaceus  (Storer)  Agassiz.  .  y-'  ^tift<\ 

This  description  evideotly  refers  to  some  Cyprlnodont  fish.  The 
translucent  spot  on  the  head  of  Zygonectes  is  so  characteristic,  and  con- 
spicuous in  life  that  I  have  no  doubt  that  Eaflnesque  had  that  common 

species  in  mind. 

26th  genus.  SARCHIRUS.    (p.  86.) 

1 108th  species.  Silver  Ribbon-Fish.  SARCHIRUS  ?  ARaSNTEUS,  Sar- 
chire  argente.    (p.  86.) 

Unidentifiable. 

Description  erroneous  and  insufficient.  '    I      '  ^ 

31st  genus,  ACCIPENSER.    (p.  86.) 

109th  species,  Oourd-Fisb  Sturgeon,  ACCIPaNSBR  LAOENARIUS  Etux^ 
geon  gourde,    (p.  86.) 
f  Poly  odon  folium.  .  •  ^  ^  i  ,:;.'> 

Description  second  band  and  erroneous.       '.'  '  '^ 

XXXVII.  Genus,  SAWFISH,  PRISTxd,  Poisson-scie.    (p.  86.)  ^^ 

110th  species,  Mississippi  Sawfish,  PRISTIS  MISSISSIPPIEN8IS,  Pois- 
lon-scie  du  Mississippi,    (p.  86.)  _.,^__„ 

Pristis  antiquorum  Shaw. 
Passable  description  (of  the  saw  only). 


tXXXVin.  aenu3,  HORNFISH,  FROCEROS,  Proceros.    (p.  87.) 


'Breadth  unu-Hixth  uf  the leugtb,  bruwnisb,  pule  beneath;  head  amnll  obtuse  ivith  a 
large  silver  spot  on  the  forehead  h^ore  the  eyes,  jaws  nearly  equal ;  dorsal  fin  opposed  to 
ike  anal,  tail  oboval  entire. 

It  is  fuund  iu  the  Cumberland  River  and  the  Little  River,  a  branch  of  it.  Commn- 
nicuted  by  Mr.  Wilkius.  It  is  rather  doubtful  whether  it  belongs  to  this  geuus,  or  Mtn- 
flif'M,  Ilulilus,  &.C.  It  might  perhaps  be  found  to  constitute  a  peculiar  one  by  tliu  sumll 
inuiith  without  4ip8,  and  the  posterior  dorsal  fin.  Vent  posterior.  Pectoral  and  abdom 
inalfins  oboral.  Eyes  large.  Length  3  inches ;  good  bait  for  Perch,  Boss,  I{ed-eit;<  ^r 
Kiiij;-oye8,  &c. 

t  I'^ntirely  silvery,  without  bands  or  spots.  ' 

Communicated  by  Mr.  Owings.  It  is  found  in  Llr-king  River,  Slate  Creek,  &«. 
LetigtL  from  two  to  three  feet.  It  is  called  Pike,  and  may  be  one,  but  us  it  isdesciited 
witlioui  scales  and  very  slender,  I  have  added  it  to  this  genus  until  it  is  better  known. 

t  Apodal.  Body  elongated.  Vent  posterior.  One  dorsal  (in  opposed  to  tho  anul. 
Mouth  beneath  transvemnl  toothed.  Buout  protruded  iu  a  straight  horn.  Four  spirit 
cles  or  branchias  on  each  aide. 

Singular  new  genus  of  (he  family  of  Sharks  or  Jnlacea,  from  which  however  it  dif- 
ferN  by  the  want  of  abdominal  fins.  There  are  two  species  of  it;  the  second,  which  I 
tiikve  called  Proceros  vittatus,  lives  in  Lake  Ontario,  and  has  longitudinal  stripes. 


'(  .'/ 

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48      CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   NORTH   AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 

*  lllth  species,  Spotted  Hom-Fisli,  PROCEROS  MACULATUS,  Proceros 
tachete.    (p. 87.)  » 

A  myth ;  description  evidently  second  band.  ^iThat  fish,  if  any,  sug- 
gested it  is  past  luy  guessing. 

IV.— LIST  OF  SPECIES  NOT  NOTICED  BY  RAFINESQUE. 

The  following  species  occurring  in  the  valley  of  the  Ohio,  most  of  tliera 
within  a  radius  of  one  hundred  miles  from  Lexington,  do  not  seem  to  have 
been  noticed  by  Raflnesque.  These  species  are  given  upon  the  antlior- 
ity  of  the  present  author  unless  otherwise  noted.  In  ease  no  particular 
locality  is  mentioned,  the  species  is  supposed  to  be  generally  diffused. 
"Various  other  nominal  species  have  been  described  from  the  Ohio  Val- 
ley, but  I  omit  all  of  whose  validity  I  am  not  reasonably  certain. 

Mlcropercapunctiilata  Fntu&m. — While  River,  Indiana. 

Boldchthys  cos  Jordan  &  Copeland. — Wabash  River. 

PacUichlhys  variatus  (Kirt.)  Ag. — Everywhere.  ■•' 

Poacilkhthijs  spcctahilis  Ag. 

Nanostoma  zonalis  (Cope)  Jor. — Miami  River  (Cope). 

Nothonotus  camurus  (Cope)  Jor. 

Kothonotus  sangviflmts  (Cope)  Jor. — Cumberland  River  (Cope). 

Nothonotus  macidatus  (Kirt.)  Ag,  ■"  •*    ' 

Pleiirolepis pellucidtis  Ag. 

Alvordius  aspro  Cope  &  Jordan. 

J'Jricosma  evides  Jordan  &  Copeland. — White  River. 

Eheocnjpta  copdandi  Jor. — White  River. 

Jmostoma  shumardii  (Grd.)  Jordan. — Wabash  River. 

Diplesium  simoterum  (Cope)  Copeland. — Rock  Castle  River. 

AlvordivH phoxoccphalus  (Nelson)  Cope  &  Jor. — Wabash  River. 

Pcrcina  manitou  Jor. — Wabasli  River. 

ISandrus  canadensis  (Smith)  Jor. — Ohio  River.    Introduced. 

Stizostelhium  vitreum  (Mit.)  Jord. — Ohio  River.    (Introduced.?) 

Moronc  intcrriipta  Gill. — Lower  Ohio. 

Centrarchua  iridcus  (Lac.)  C.  &  V. — Lower  Ohio. 

Pomoxys  nigromaculatus  (Le  Suer)  Grd. — White  River.    Scarce. 

•IiDii  griy,  witli  wUito  spots  on  Iho  Hiileu;  tuil  tuiked;  horu  one-foiirtli  of  total 
length. 

Tbis  (Itib  livea  iit  tlio  MissisHippi,  and  is  snnietimi'S  caught  nt  St.  Gonoviove,  in  tho 
Stato  of  Missouri.  Tlio  French  sottltirs  call  it  Po'mon  arnu.  It  has  no  scales,  but  its 
head  is  bony.  Eyes  very  Hinall.  Dorsal  and  anal  fius  rounded.  Length  'J  or  '.]  feot: 
very  good  to  eut.    ComiQUoicatud  by  Mr.  M ,  of  St.  Genuvievo. 


REVIEW   OF   EAFINESQUE   ON   AMERICAN  FISHES. 


49 


Cluenobrytttis  gulosue  (0.  &  V.)  Cope. — Wabash  Eiver. 
Lepiopomm  pallidus  (Mit.)  Gill  &  Jord. — Everywhere. 
Lepiopomus  anagalUnus  (Cope.) — Salt  River,  Kentucky. 
Xenotis  inscriptua  (Ag.)  Jor. — White  Kiver. 
Xenotis  aureolun  Jor. 

Eupomotis  pallidus  (Ag.)  Gill  &  Jor. — Lower  Ohio. 
Eupomotis  aureus  (Walb.)  Gill  &  Jor. — Introduced.  (!) 
Asternotremia  iaolepis  Nelson. — Southern  Illinois. 
Aphododerus  cookianus  Jordan. — Wabash  Eiver. 
Potamocottus  hairdii  (Grd.)  Gill. — Muskingum  Eiver.    (Grd.) 
Potamoeottu8  caroUnce  Gill. — Cave  Region,  etc. 
Potamocottus  wilsoni  (Grd.)  Gill. — White  Eiver.     ^     -  ■' 
Lota  lacuatris  {Wa,\h.)  Gill. — Eare.    Introduced.!      ■^^''■'•'--y' 
Labidesthes  sicculus  Cope. — Abundant.  "■  "  *  •      -     '•  '  *■ 

Zygonectes  dispar  Ag. — Wabash  Eiver.        -  '     * 

Fundulm  diaplmnus  (Le  S.)  Ag  (!)        *  :■<  .,,*; 

Melanura  limi  {Kxvt)  A^. — Scarce.  "     •       '  ?. 

Anibly&psis  speloBxts  Yiok. — Caves,     v.     -     :-       '  •      .   t 

Typhlichthys  subterraneus  Grd. — Caves.  '      -  * 

Chologaster  agassizii  PatusLva. — Caves.  '.•  T 

Percopsis  guttatus  Ag. — Eare.    (Introduced. !) 
Exoglossum  maxillingua  (Le  S.)  Hald.  (!  ?) 
Eybognathus  argyritis  Grd. 
Hybognaihus  nuchalis  Ag. 
Ericyinba  buccata  Cop^. —  Abundant. 
Nocomis  dissimilis  (Kirt.)  Cope  &  Jor. — Common. 
Rhinichthys  obtusua  Ag. — Common. 
PheiMcobius  terettdus  Cope. — West  Virginia.    (Cope.) 
Phenacobius  uranops  Cope. — Eock  Castle  Eiver. 
L  cilus  storerianua  (Kirt.)  Jordan — Kentucky.    (Grd.) 
Luxilm  stramineus  (Cope)  Jordan. — White  River. 
Luxilus  tuditanus  (Cope)  Jordan. — Wabash  River.    (Cope.) 
Luxilus  galacturus  (Cope)  Jordan. — Abundant. 
Luxilus  coccogenis  (Cope)  Jordan. — Cumberland  River. 
CUola  scabriceps  (Cope.)  Jor. 
Cliola  ariomma  (Cope)  Jor. — White  River,  etc. 
Cyprinella  analostana  (Grd.)  Jordan. 
Pliotogenis  spilopterus  Cope. — Wabash  Eiver, 
Bull.  &~4 


'p. 


V  1 


»1* 


f  , 


T  ~  S  j 
..'1 


1 


50      CONTBIBUTIONS  TO  NOBTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 


^1 


Nototropis  photogenis  (Cope)  Jor. — Ohio  E. 

Nototropia  rubrifrons  (Oope)  Jor. — Abundant. 

yototropis  rubellus  ( Ag.)  Jor. — Abundant. 

Nototropis  dileotua  (Grd.)  Jor. — Falls  of  Ohio. 

Nototropi»  micropteryx  (Oope)  Jor.— Rock  Castle  River. 

Myxoatoma  breviceps  Cope. — Ohio  River, 

Placopharyx  carinatus  Cope. 

Carpiodea  bkon  Ag. 

Carpiodea  difformia  Cope. 

Carpiodea  cutiaanaeriniia  Cope. 

Bubalichthya  bubalinua  Jor.    (Cat  bubalua  Kirt.  not  of  Raf.) 

lothcelurua  furcatua  (Val.)  Gill. 

Ichthaelurua  robuatua  Jor. 

Amiurua  natalia  (Le  S.)  Gill. 

Koturua  miurua  Jordan. 

Noturua  liacanthtta  Jor. 

Noturua  lemniacatua  (Le  8.)  Grd. — ^Ohio. 

Noturua  exilia  Nelson. — Southern  Illinois. 

Amia  calva  L. 

Ammoccetea  argenteua  (Eirt.)  Jor. — Common. 


ii' 


INDEX  TO  GENERIC  NAMESvREFERRED  TO  IN  THIS  PAPER. 


Page. 
Abramis 28 

Accipenser  ...... ...  ........ .14.45.47 

Acipenser .' 11,13,45 

Alburnellus 9,27 

Alburnops 28 

Alburnus 10,26 

Alosa 24 

Alvordius 23,48 

Amblodon 10, 15, 18 

Ainbloplites 10,12,20,21,22 

Amblyopsis 49 

Ameinras 11,39,41 

Amia CO 

Amlurus 11,16,39,40,50 

AmmocoBtea 12,46,50 

Auphiodon 10,15,25 

Anguilla 12, 14,44 

ApbododemB 49 

Aplesion 10,22 

Apleaium : 23 

Aplitea 10,21 

Aplocentras 9,22 

Aplodinotaa 9,15,18 

Apomotis 10,15,18,19 

Asternotremia 49 

Atractosteas 9, 11,43 

Bagnis 38 

Bodianus 12, 13, 14,20 

Boleichthya 48 

Boleosoina 23 

Bryttus 15,18,19 

Bubalichthys 15.34,50 

Calliuras 9, 15, 18, 19 

Campostoma 32,36 

Carpiodes 11,33,34,50 

Catonotus 7,11,15,22,46 

Catostomus  ....  11, 13, 14, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 

38,41 
Ceutroponraa 12 


PtUMi 

Ceratichtbya 31 

CUsBDobryttaa 18,19,49 

Cbatoeasna 10,24 

ChologaHter .'..        49 

Chrosomos.. - 11,28,32 

Centrarohas 48 

Cichla 21 

Cliola 49 

Clodalua 10,26 

Clnpea 13,i4,24 

Conger 44 

Corvina 18 

Corypbena 21 

Cycleptna 11, 16,38 

Cylindrosteua 11,43 

Cyprinella 31,49 

Cyprinua 12,14,25,26,29,31,35,36 

Dtica«tylaa 11,38 

Dinectua 11,45 

Diuoctua 9,14 

Dioplitea 10,21 

Dipleaion 10,23 

Diplesium 10, 15,23,48 

Dobula 10,26 

Doroaoma 10,24 

Doryaoma 10,13,24 

EUiopa 11,38 

Ericoama 48 

Erioymba 49 

Erimyzon 33,35,36 

Eaox 11,14,42,43 

Etbeoatoma 9, 11, 15, 22, 23, 24, 46 

Enpomotis ju 12,52 

Eutyatomna .*. 11,37 

Exogloaaum 9,14,15,49 

Fundulua 49 

Glania 14 

Qloaaodoa 9,13,14,26 

HaploidoDotaa 9, 10, 15, 17 

61 


62      CONTBreUTIONS  TO   NOBTH  AMERICAN  ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 


Page. 

Hemiphis 10,26 

Hiodon 26 

Holocentms 46 

HoplatleloB 10,40 

Hudaonius 2S 

HybognathuB 49 

Hybopsis 27 

Hyborbynchus 27 

Hydrargyra 13 

Hydrargyms 36 

Hylomyzon 9,41 

Hyodon 9,10,13,15,25,26 

Hyostoma 10,23,24 

llypenteliam 9,34,35,41 

Hypsilepis 11,25,28,29,30 

Icthfflldras 11, 13, 16, 38, 39, 50 

lohthelis 19,20 

Ichthyobus 10,11,13,15,33.34 

Ictalurns 11,38,41 

Icthelis 10,18,19,20 

lotiobuB 11,33 

Ilictis 11,40 

Imostoma 48 

Labidesthes 49 

Lepibema 10,17 

LepidoBtens 9, 11, 14,  l!i,  42 

Lepiopomus 9, 10, 15. 18, 19, 43,  .'SO 

LepisoBtens 13,14,43 

Lepomis 9,15,18,20,46 

LeptopB 11,39 

LeuoisonB 11,26,30,31 

LeucopB 9 

Leucosomns 12,25 

Lilholepis 9, 11, 14, 16, 43, 44 

Lota 22,49 

Lucioperca 17 

LuxiluB 11, 12,25,28,29, 30,31, 49 

LythruruB 30,32 

MaxilliDgua 9 

Melanara 49 

Mioroperca 48 

MicropteruB 9,10,12,15,18,20,21,22 

MinniluB 9,12,26,27,31,47 

Morone 12,48 

Moxostoma 11,33,36 


Page. 
Mnneaa 44 

Myxofltoma 11,13,32,33,37,38,50 

Nanofitoma ^g 

Nemocampsis 9  3^ 

NooomiB 31,:}C,49 

NotemigonnB ...10, 12, 15,25 

NotbonotnB 23  48' 

Nototropis 9,10,12,27,31,49 

Notropis 9J2 

Notnraa 9,14,16,41,50 

OlmeruB  (misprint  for  Oimerua) ...       14 

OpladeluB 11,39,40 

PegediotlB 11.22,46 

Pelodiohthys 10, 11, 16, 39, 40,41 

Per*a 12, 13, 15, 17 

Percina 13,17,24,48 

Fercopsis 49 

Petromyzon  12,46 

PhenacobiuB 49 

PhotogeniB 49 

PhoxinuB 10,26 

PicorellDB ..11,42,43 

Pileoma »... 23 

PilodictiB 16,40 

PimeloduB 38,39,40,41 

Pimepbales 11,32 

Placopharynx 50 

Planirostra .' 45 

PlargyruB 11,25,28,29,31 

Pltturolepis 48 

PlotoBns 41 

PcBcilichthyB 23,48 

PogOBtoma 9, 14, 15,22 

Polyodon 13,45,47 

PomacampsiB 17 

PomolobuB 10,24 

Pomotis 10,19,20 

PomoxiB 9,14,15,21 

Pomoxys 9, 14, 15,21, 48 

Potamocottas 49 

PriBtis 47 

ProceroB 11,47,48 

PtyotaostomnB 33,35,30,37 

Pylodiotis 10,40,41 

Bbeoorypta 43 


INDEX   TO   QENEBIC    NAMES. 


Page. 

Bhlniohthy* 12,49 

?joocm 10,17 

Bntilus 11,31,32,47 

Salmo i2,26 

SandruB 48 

SarohiniB 9,14,15,42,47 

Soapbirhynohops. 45 

Soisena 13 

SemotiluB 11,12,30,47 

Silarns 13,14,16,38,39.40,41 

Siltflox 38 

Sparna 12 

flqaalins 70 


Sterletna 

Stilbe 

Stilbiua 

Stizoatedion  .. 
Stizoatedinm  .. 
Stizostethium 

Sturio 

Synodontna ... 
Telipomia  .... 
Teretulaa....  . 
Typhlichthya . 

Xenotia 

Zygoneotea... 


53 

Page. 

11,45 

25 

25 

17 

10 

.10,13,17,48 

11,45 

38 

9,18 

11,35 

49 

....19,20,51 
47,49 


f , 


■  V,  ;; 
";rbt 


I.e.'.;  ■  .l-f'J 


mm 


